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00:00
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\n\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8bed\u738b\u540d\u79f0\u5c0a\u8005\u540e\u6765\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u8d9f\u62c9\u8428\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u5b97\u5927\u5e08\u5df2\u7ecf\u793a\u5bc2\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u514b\u4e3b\u6770\u5927\u5e08\u542c\u95fb\u4e86\u5927\u5a01\u5fb7\u91d1\u521a\u6cd5\u7c7b\u7684\u53e3\u8bc0\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e86\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u73b0\u5b58\u4e8e\u514b\u4e3b\u6770\u5927\u5e08\u7684\u6587\u96c6\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u514b\u4e3b\u6770\u5927\u5e08\u4e3a\u8bed\u738b\u540d\u79f0\u5c0a\u8005\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8d5e\u9882\uff0c\u76db\u8d5e\u4ed6\u5177\u5907\u663e\u5bc6\u7684\u6559\u8bc1\u529f\u5fb7\u300209:04
\n\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7565\u7565\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bed\u738b\u540d\u79f0\u5c0a\u8005\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u5b97\u5927\u5e08\u5199\u7684\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4e66\u4fe1\u662f\u7531\u5927\u6148\u6069\u6708\u5149\u56fd\u9645\u8bd1\u7ecf\u9662\u7684\u6027\u666f\u6cd5\u5e08\u62c5\u4efb\u4e3b\u8981\u8bd1\u5e08\uff0c\u5982\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5e08\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u4e3b\u6821\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u5730\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u60f3\u4f9b\u517b\u5927\u5bb6\u300209:34
\n\u8fd9\u5c01\u4e66\u4fe1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u300a\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u5927\u5e08\u8986\u64e6\u79d1\u672c\u6ce2\u8bed\u738b\u540d\u79f0\u4e66\u300b\u300209:44<\/p>\n

\u5357\u65e0\u59d1\u5982\u66fc\u6b8a\u5ed3\u5580\u803609:47<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e5\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u9876\u793c\u4e0a\u5e08\u6587\u6b8a\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5048\u5b50\uff1a09:54<\/p>\n

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\n\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5048\u9882\u91cc\u8fb9\u7684\u201c\u672a\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3001\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u3001\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6211\u4eec\u4f17\u751f\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u6700\u80dc\u7684\u4eb2\u53cb\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4eb2\u53cb\u80fd\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5c31\u6709\u798f\u540c\u4eab\u3001\u6709\u96be\u540c\u5f53\u554a\uff01\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u5373\u65f6\u5730\u6765\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u80dc\u7684\u4eb2\u53cb\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5ea6\u8fc7\u600e\u6837\u7684\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u6b7b\u7684\u7011\u6d41\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u79ef\u600e\u6837\u7684\u798f\u62a5\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u5c3d\u672a\u6765\u9645\u7684\u798f\u62a5\u6c38\u4eab\u4e0d\u5c3d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529e\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u79bb\u82e6\u5f97\u4e50\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8c01\u80fd\u591f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eb2\u53cb\uff0c\u966a\u4f34\u6211\u4eec\u5462\uff1f\u552f\u6709\u4f5b\u9640\uff0111:14
\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u5171\u5ea6\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u4e0a\u7a76\u7adf\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u597d\u4f19\u4f34\u5374\u662f\u4f5b\u9640\u3002\u4ed6\u5e26\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u966a\u4f34\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u5462\uff1f\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u6210\u4f5b\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002\u201c\u65e0\u4e0a\u7a76\u7adf\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u65e0\u4e0a\u5f53\u4e2d\u662f\u6700\u6b8a\u80dc\u7684\uff0c\u4e16\u51fa\u4e16\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u8d85\u80dc\u7684\u3002\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u5fc3\u8ddf\u6240\u77e5\u4e00\u6837\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6cd5\u4ed6\u90fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u60c5\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u72ec\u4e00\u7231\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u4ece\u672a\u95f4\u65ad\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u95f4\u65ad\u3001\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u574f\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u91d1\u521a\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u5728\u65e0\u91cf\u52ab\u7684\u8f6e\u56de\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u5904\u5bfb\u89c5\u826f\u4f34\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u66fe\u6e34\u671b\u8ddf\u968f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u826f\u4f34\uff1f12:11
\n\u63a5\u7740\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8bf8\u7a77\u56f0\u8005\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u7a77\u56f0\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8f6e\u56de\u4e2d\u88ab\u65e0\u660e\u4e0e\u884c\u82e6\u6240\u6444\u3001\u82e6\u6027\u904d\u6ee1\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6e\u56de\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4eb2\u670b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u51fa\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u82e6\u6d77\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u5c31\u662f\u4f5b\u9640\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u793c\u656c\u4f5b\u9640\uff0112:39
\n\u63a5\u7740\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5048\u5b50\uff1a12:44<\/p>\n

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\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5048\u5b50\u91cc\u8fb9\u7684\u201c\u89c1\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u597d\u597d\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u5b97\u5927\u5e08\u89c1\u5230\u552f\u6709\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u5723\u6559\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u5229\u76ca\u4f17\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5584\u56e0\u51fa\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4ef0\u8d56\u7740\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u5723\u6559\uff0c\u4f17\u751f\u79cd\u4e0b\u5b89\u4e50\u7684\u56e0\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53d7\u4eab\u5b89\u4e50\u7684\u679c\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82e6\u56e0\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u53bb\u9664\u82e6\u56e0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u82e6\u679c\u3002\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u5b97\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u60b2\u5fc3\u7684\u610f\u4e50\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e3a\u5f1f\u5b50\u5ba3\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e49\u300213:36
\n\u63a5\u7740\uff1a13:38<\/p>\n

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\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5048\u5b50\u6709\u8d5e\u7f8e\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7948\u613f\uff0c\u5927\u5e08\u7684\u6148\u60b2\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u6251\u9762\u800c\u6765\uff01\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4ed6\u7684\u6cd5\u5b50\u5168\u9762\u5730\u6267\u6301\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u6b63\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b63\u6cd5\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u60c5\u5229\u4e50\u7684\u5b9d\u85cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f1f\u5b50\u6beb\u65e0\u754f\u602f\uff0c\u5177\u8db3\u52c7\u608d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e08\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7948\u613f\u6cd5\u5b50\u4f60\u80fd\u957f\u4e45\u4e0d\u8d25\uff01\u201d\u6211\u6bcf\u6b21\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u513f\u90fd\u5f88\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u8981\u6df1\u547c\u5438\u300214:38
\n\u63a5\u7740\u770b\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u5048\u5b50\uff1a14:43<\/p>\n

\u95fb\u5177\u6167\u6c5d\u4e8e\u6697\u8fb9\uff0c\u5723\u6559\u65e5\u5149\u672a\u7167\u5904\uff0c\u4ee4\u6267\u65e0\u57a2\u4f5b\u7981\u884c\uff0c\u91ca\u8fe6\u4f5b\u5b50\u6089\u5145\u6ee1\u300214:52<\/p>\n

\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u542c\u5230\u4f20\u95fb\uff1a\u5177\u6167\u7684\u4f60\uff0c\u5728\u8fdc\u79bb\u4f5b\u6559\u65e5\u5149\u7684\u8fb9\u5730\u9ed1\u6697\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4ee4\u6267\u6301\u80fd\u4ec1\u65e0\u57a2\u7981\u884c\u7684\u91ca\u8fe6\u4f5b\u5b50\u666e\u904d\u5145\u6ee1\u3002\u201d15:06
\n\u5927\u5e08\u5728\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4ed6\uff0c\u201c\u5177\u8db3\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4f60\u201d\u2500\u2500\u597d\u4eb2\u5207\u5594\uff01\u8bf4\u4f5b\u6559\u72b9\u5982\u5149\u660e\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f1f\u5b50\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u8fb9\u5730\u5f18\u626c\u6559\u6cd5\uff0c\u6559\u5316\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u80fd\u6301\u6212\u7684\u91ca\u8fe6\u4f5b\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u8fb9\u5730\u4e2d\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u6301\u5b88\u80fd\u4ec1\u65e0\u57a2\u7981\u884c\u7684\u91ca\u8fe6\u4f5b\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u591a\u4e48\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5584\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u8d5e\u7f8e\u300215:35
\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u770b\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u300215:37<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u8ff0\u6b64\u60c5\u4e4b\u6765\u4fe1\uff0c\u5999\u4e49\u826f\u8f9e\u5e76\u8d60\u793c\uff0c\u7531\u6c5d\u6069\u5fb7\u62ab\u5243\u8005\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u800c\u6765\u6211\u8ddf\u524d\u300215:47<\/p>\n

\u8bf4\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u53d9\u8ff0\u6b64\u7b49\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u7740\u5584\u5999\u7684\u610f\u6db5\u3001\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u6587\u8f9e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u9988\u8d60\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f9d\u9760\u4f60\u6069\u5fb7\u800c\u51fa\u5bb6\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u9762\u524d\u300216:00
\n\u63a5\u7740\u7b2c\u516d\uff1a16:03<\/p>\n

\u5c14\u65f6\u6211\u5fc3\u5982\u6728\u68c9\uff0c\u968f\u6c5d\u65e0\u8fc7\u8bf8\u5999\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u8d77\u98ce\u4e2d\u81ea\u5728\u8f6c\uff0c\u5df2\u81f3\u5f7c\u7b49\u8bf8\u65b9\u6240\u300216:10<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u5fc3\u610f\u7684\u6728\u68c9\uff0c\u4e58\u7740\u4f60\u65e0\u8fc7\u5999\u884c\u7684\u98ce\uff0c\u8da3\u5f80\u800c\u6d41\u5e03\u5728\u5f7c\u5904\u300216:17
\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fb9\u7684\u201c\u6728\u68c9\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u55bb\u67d4\u8f6f\u8f7b\u67d4\uff0c\u968f\u98ce\u5728\u98d8\u52a8\u3002\u5927\u5e08\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u4fe1\u4e2d\u4f60\u6240\u5199\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u8ff9\u548c\u5999\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u98ce\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5439\u52a8\u4e86\u6211\u5fc3\u610f\u7684\u6728\u68c9\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4eff\u4f5b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8ddf\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7ecf\u5386\u3001\u4e00\u8d77\u89c1\u8bc1\u5440\uff01\u201d\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u5e08\u751f\u95f4\u90a3\u79cd\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5728\u4e00\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e66\u4fe1\u5f80\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7f8e\uff1f16:56
\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7b2c\u4e03\uff1a16:59<\/p>\n

\u8bf8\u4f5b\u81f3\u8a00\u6089\u6444\u4e3a\u4e09\u85cf\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u5723\u6559\u5fc3\u8981\u4e3a\u4e09\u5b66\uff0c\u5f7c\u7b49\u5f53\u4e2d\u9996\u8981\u4e3a\u6212\u5b66\uff0c\u8bf4\u5f7c\u6839\u57fa\u5373\u662f\u6bd7\u5948\u8036\u300217:13<\/p>\n

\u80dc\u8005\u4f5b\u9640\u6240\u6709\u7684\u81f3\u8a00\u6444\u4e3a\u4e09\u85cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6559\u6cd5\u7684\u5fc3\u8981\u5373\u662f\u4e09\u5b66\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5219\u662f\u6212\u5b66\uff0c\u4f5b\u9640\u8bf4\u5b83\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u5c31\u662f\u6bd7\u5948\u8036\u300217:33<\/p>\n

\u7531\u662f\u4e4b\u6545\u4e8e\u4f5b\u5e7f\u5236\u7acb\uff0c\u5584\u8bf4\u6b63\u6cd5\u6bd7\u5948\u8036\u8f68\u5219\uff0c\u89e3\u4e86\u5723\u6559\u6b21\u7b2c\u8bf8\u667a\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f55\u56e0\u7f18\u5fc3\u4e0d\u751f\u6b22\u559c\uff1f17:46<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f5b\u9640\u591a\u6b21\u5f00\u6f14\u7684\u5584\u8bf4\u6b63\u6cd5\u2500\u2500\u6bd7\u5948\u8036\u8f68\u5219\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5723\u6559\u6b21\u7b2c\u7684\u667a\u8005\u4eec\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u7531\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5fc3\u751f\u6b22\u559c\u5462\uff1f18:00
\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u300218:02<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u89c1\u751f\u8d77\u80dc\u89c2\u6167\u5b66\u524d\uff0c\u987b\u6709\u5bc2\u6b62\u7b49\u6301\u540d\u5c1a\u5b58\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u4e8e\u751f\u6e05\u51c0\u4e09\u6469\u5730\uff0c\u987b\u6709\u6212\u5b66\u4e4b\u8bf4\u4ea6\u6b92\u6ca1\u300218:16<\/p>\n

\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u751f\u8d77\u6bd7\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\u6167\u5b66\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bc2\u6b62\u7684\u4e09\u6469\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u5509\uff01\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u7a7a\u540d\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u201c\u751f\u8d77\u6e05\u51c0\u7684\u4e09\u6469\u5730\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6212\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u542c\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u9690\u6ca1\u4e86\u300218:34
\n\u5927\u5bb6\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4f5b\u9640\u6559\u8beb\u7684\u4e09\u5b66\u6b21\u7b2c\u2500\u2500\u6212\u5b9a\u6167\u4e09\u5b66\u7684\u6b21\u7b2c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4f9d\u6212\u7136\u540e\u751f\u8d77\u6e05\u51c0\u7684\u5bc2\u6b62\u4e09\u6469\u5730\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4f9d\u7740\u5bc2\u6b62\u7684\u4e09\u6469\u5730\uff0c\u751f\u8d77\u6bd7\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\u7684\u6167\u5b66\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5048\u5b50\u5c31\u5199\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6b21\u7b2c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u88ab\u4fee\u884c\u8005\u91cd\u89c6\u4e86\u3002\u516d\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5594\uff01\u5df2\u7ecf\u90a3\u6837\u5b50\u4e86\u300219:02
\n\u54ea\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u7a7a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8fde\u7a7a\u540d\u5b57\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u7a7a\u540d\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4f9d\u7740\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u800c\u751f\u8d77\u6bd7\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6b21\u7b2c\u867d\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u8bb2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u5728\u5b9e\u4fee\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7531\u5b9a\u751f\u6167\u7684\u6b21\u7b2c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6709\u540d\u65e0\u5b9e\u7684\u7a7a\u540d\u2500\u2500\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u8fde\u7a7a\u540d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u7531\u6212\u751f\u5b9a\u7684\u6b21\u7b2c\u9690\u6ca1\u5f97\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u4e86\uff01\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7167\u7740\u8fd9\u4e48\u5b9e\u4fee\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u51e0\u4e4e\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4fee\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6212\u5f8b\u7684\u8f7b\u5ffd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u5730\u4e25\u91cd\uff0119:52
\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c19:54<\/p>\n

\u4ec5\u4e8e\u627f\u8bb8\u6781\u4e3a\u52c7\u608d\u5df2\uff0c\u5f03\u7f6e\u8a93\u8a00\u6b64\u4e43\u4fd7\u4e2d\u4fd7\u3002\u5982\u81ea\u5982\u4f55\u627f\u8bb8\u800c\u7cbe\u52e4\uff0c\u5b88\u62a4\u6212\u5f8b\u6b64\u4e43\u6b63\u58eb\u7406\u300220:07<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u5728\u627f\u8bb8\u4e0a\u6781\u4e3a\u52c7\u608d\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u5c31\u5c06\u8a93\u8a00\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u820d\u5f03\uff0c\u662f\u5eb8\u4fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u5eb8\u4fd7\u3002\u7cbe\u8fdb\u5b88\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u627f\u8bb8\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6212\u5f8b\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6b8a\u80dc\u58eb\u592b\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u300220:26
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fb9\u5927\u5e08\u8d5e\u7f8e\u8bf4\uff1a\u7cbe\u52e4\u5730\u5b88\u62a4\u6212\u5f8b\u662f\u6b8a\u80dc\u58eb\u592b\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff1b\u800c\u5eb8\u4fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u5eb8\u4fd7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u52c7\u608d\u5730\u627f\u8bb8\uff0c\u627f\u8bb8\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u5c06\u8a93\u8a00\u5168\u90fd\u820d\u5f03\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc3\u529b\u5728\u627f\u8bb8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u7279\u522b\u52c7\u608d\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u5728\u6301\u5b88\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u5730\u4e0d\u7528\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5927\u5e08\u6781\u4e3a\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u7684\u2500\u2500\u5bf9\u8a93\u8a00\u5b88\u62a4\u7684\u8f7b\u5ffd\u300220:54
\n\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u770b\u5341\u4e00\uff1a20:56<\/p>\n

\u89c1\u5df2\u5373\u4e8e\u7f6a\u6076\u8eab\u8bed\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u6570\u6570\u89c2\u5bdf\u6b63\u77e5\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u5ff5\u77e5\u60ed\u6709\u6127\u4e0d\u653e\u9038\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u52e4\u52b3\u8c03\u4f0f\u8da3\u90aa\u9053\uff0c\u8bf8\u6839\u4e4b\u9a6c\u800c\u4ee4\u5f7c\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u80fd\u4e8e\u5584\u6240\u7f18\u4e2d\u968f\u6240\u6b32\uff0c\u5982\u662f\u5982\u662f\u6089\u7686\u80fd\u5b89\u4f4f\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u8d5e\u53f9\u6212\u4e43\u7b49\u6301\u56e0\u300221:24<\/p>\n

\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u4e09\u95e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u590d\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u6b63\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5ff5\u3001\u4e0d\u653e\u9038\u3001\u77e5\u60ed\u6709\u6127\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u8c03\u4f0f\u8da3\u5411\u4e8e\u98a0\u5012\u8def\u9014\u7684\u8bf8\u6839\u4e4b\u9a6c\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5c31\u80fd\u5b89\u4f4f\u5728\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u7684\u5584\u6240\u7f18\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8d5e\u53f9\u6212\u5f8b\u662f\u4e09\u6469\u5730\u7684\u56e0\u300221:48<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u79bb\u574f\u6212\u57a2\u79fd\u6240\u67d3\u6d4a\uff0c\u800c\u4e8e\u8bf8\u5584\u6240\u7f18\u5f97\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u5c14\u65f6\u65e0\u6211\u5b9e\u6027\u6781\u663e\u660e\uff0c\u5b9b\u5982\u6f84\u6f88\u4e0d\u52a8\u6c34\u4e2d\u6708\u300222:04<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fdc\u79bb\u4e86\u72af\u6212\u57a2\u79fd\u7684\u67d3\u7740\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5584\u6240\u7f18\u6beb\u4e0d\u503e\u52a8\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u65e0\u6211\u7684\u5b9e\u6027\u6781\u4e3a\u660e\u6670\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u6f84\u51c0\u5e73\u9759\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6708\u5f71\u4e00\u822c\u300222:20<\/p>\n

\u5982\u662f\u6b32\u4e8e\u4e09\u5b66\u9053\u627c\u8981\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5706\u6ee1\u901a\u8fbe\u9700\u89c2\u5f85\uff0c\u901a\u6653\u4e09\u85cf\u7531\u662f\u56e0\u76f8\u6545\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u6b62\u667a\u8005\u5b66\u4e09\u85cf\u300222:31<\/p>\n

\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4e09\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u89c2\u5f85\u4e8e\u4e86\u77e5\u4e09\u85cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5f53\u4eb2\u8fd1\u667a\u8005\u5b66\u4e60\u4e09\u85cf\u300222:41
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\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c23:20<\/p>\n

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\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u5927\u5e08\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u8981\u51c0\u7f6a\u96c6\u8d44\u3001\u5e7f\u53d1\u6b63\u613f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u4f9d\u6b62\u5584\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u719f\u4e60\u6559\u5178\u2500\u2500\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u6559\u5178\uff01\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u6559\u5178\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5c11\u4e3a\u8db3\uff0c\u8981\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u667a\u6167\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u6289\u62e9\u300233:46
\n\u7136\u540e\u5927\u5e08\u5728\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u7684\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u5199\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5048\u5b50\uff1a33:51<\/p>\n

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\n\u613f\u80fd\u968f\u6211\u6240\u8bf4\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u4e2d\u540c\u5949\u884c\uff0c\u8bf8\u884c\u613f\u5df2\u6210\u4f5b\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u65bd\u6700\u521d\u7518\u9732\u5206\u300234:15<\/p>\n

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\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u6574\u7bc7\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u5e08\u5199\u4e86\u56de\u8986\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\uff1a\u201c\u6b64\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u5584\u77e5\u8bc6\u64e6\u79d1\u74e6\u5927\u582a\u5e03\u8bed\u738b\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u5609\u83ab\u9647\u521b\u5efa\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6b8a\u80dc\u50e7\u56e2\u540e\uff0c\u5bc4\u6765\u4e66\u4fe1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u8986\uff0c\u591a\u95fb\u6bd4\u4e18\u5584\u6167\u540d\u79f0\u5409\u7965\uff0c\u5728\u57c3\u5730\u50fb\u9759\u4e4b\u5904\u5fb7\u90ac\u60f9\u5bc4\u51fa\uff0c\u613f\u6210\u5584\u5999\uff01\u201d35:30
\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5b66\u5b8c\u4e86\u5927\u5e08\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u4fe1\u51fd\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5927\u5e08\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u91cc\u8fb9\u6559\u5bfc\u4ed6\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u8ddf\u300a\u5e7f\u8bba\u300b\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u5b83\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u300a\u5b97\u5927\u5e08\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u91cc\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u60f3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u5b97\u5927\u5e08\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u8d5e\u7f8e\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u770b\u770b\u5927\u5e08\u662f\u4e0d\u9ad8\u5174\u3001\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d7\u82e6\u300236:03
\n\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9009\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bb2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\uff0c\u6211\u53cd\u590d\u5730\u8bfb\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u53d7\u7528\uff01\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u5fc6\u5e08\u6069\u6cd5\u4f1a\u4f9b\u517b\u5927\u5bb6\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u542c\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u590d\u5730\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5185\u5fc3\uff0c\u5bf9\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u5584\u6076\u4f5c\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u6289\u62e9\u548c\u53d6\u820d\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u2500\u2500\u8981\u6301\u5b88\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6212\u5f8b\uff01\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5e08\u7684\u6559\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u6e05\u51c0\u7684\u6212\u5f8b\u4f5c\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u663e\u5bc6\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6559\u6cd5\u300236:43
\n\u6700\u540e\u795d\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u597d\u597d\u5730\u7167\u987e\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u7528\u5b66\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5149\u6765\u5bf9\u6cbb\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fe7\u607c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u82e6\u607c\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u53bb\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u65ad\u6076\u4fee\u5584\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u662f\u4e1a\u529b\u7684\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e1a\u529b\u7684\u663e\u73b0\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u5206\u7684\u9020\u4e1a\uff0c\u53bb\u8ba9\u5b83\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5185\u5fc3\u4e2d\u53bb\u6389\u82e6\u56e0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u5e7f\u79cd\u5584\u56e0\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u6b63\u6cd5\u4e0a\u597d\u597d\u5730\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6cd5\u559c\u3002\u8c22\u8c22\uff0137:46 00:00
\nHello everyone! Today is Late Master’s Remembrance Ceremony, 2022. In this moment, no matter where you are in the world, we have all gathered to commemorate Late Master’s kindnesses together. I truly treasure this day every year. This year, it is already the 18th Remembrance Ceremony for him. Because of Late Master’s deep kindness, we have continued in our learning until now. We are still together! The best way to repay his kindness is to never stop learning the Buddha’s teachings, transforming our lives for the better, and benefitting ourselves and others, and to always follow him on this path to enlightenment, until buddhahood! 01:06
\nFor our ceremony today, I would like to study with all of you a letter written by Master Tsong-kha-pa to a very close disciple of his. This letter is included in the collection of Master Tsong-kha-pa’s works. I will first briefly introduce this disciple\u2013his name is the Honourable Nga-wang Drak-pa. He is addressed in full here as “Tsha-kho Pon-po, Nga-wang Drak-pa.” “Tsha-kho” is the name of a place. “Pon-po” is a phonetic translation of a Tibetan word which can mean “teacher.” His actual name is Nga-wang Drak-pa. This master was born in Gyal-mo-long of the Kham district, now called Gyal-long. He was a descendant of a royal family in the Tsha-kho area. He later went to the \u00dc and Tsang districts of Tibet to seek the teachings, where he began to follow Master Tsong-kha-pa and many other great teachers. He eventually became an outstanding practitioner versed in the three scriptural collections and the tantric teachings. 02:12
\nMaster Nga-wang Drak-pa became one of Master Tsong-kha-pa’s first followers, and is known together with three other masters as Master Tsong-kha-pa’s four early disciples\u2014his four early students. When Master Tsong-kha-pa was just over 20 years of age\u2014this is in his biography, if you remember\u2014he visited and debated at the great monasteries of the time. At that time, Master Nga-wang Drak-pa had great faith, so he made sincere requests to Master Tsong-kha-pa and listened to his teachings on the Dharma. Since then, he regarded himself as Master Tsong-kha-pa’s disciple, and for a long time afterwards, he served as Master Tsong-kha-pa’s personal attendant. One of Master Tsong-kha-pa’s earlier works, the Biography of Sadaprarudita, has been preserved to this day thanks to Master Nga-wang Drak-pa’s transcription. 03:07
\nDid you know that Master Tsong-kha-pa’s well-known work, the Three Principal Aspects of the Path, was actually written for him? It is through him that we are able to have this text today. The final stanza of it says, \u00a0
\nThus when you have understood as they are The essentials of the three principal aspects of the path, Seek solitude and, by enhancing the power of perseverance, O son, swiftly accomplish your ultimate aspiration.\u00a0Here, Master Tsong-kha-pa calls Master Nga-wang Drak-pa “son.” Master Tsong-kha-pa’s affection for him is very apparent in these lines. In Master Tsong-kha-pa’s other compositions and letters, he rarely addressed other disciples this way. 03:54
\nWhile Master Nga-wang Drak-pa studied from Master Tsong-kha-pa, there was an event recorded in Master Tsong-kha-pa’s biography. It was when Master Tsong-kha-pa was 27 years old. Once, Master Tsong-kha-pa and Master Nga-wang Drak-pa\u2014who was his attendant at the time\u2014arrived in Lhasa. At that time, there was a naturally formed statue of compassionate Avalokiteshvara which had five distinct characteristics. There, they prayed and for many times practiced rituals with fasting. Then, one night, the teacher and disciple prayed very fervently and then observed their own dreams. Master Nga-wang Drak-pa dreamed of two large white conch shells\u2014Dharma conches\u2014falling from the sky and landing in his arms. After falling, the two conches instantly merged into one. He then raised the conch and blew into it, giving off endless powerful and thunderous sounds. It is said that this may be an auspicious sign that in a certain area\u2014lower Gyal-mo-long\u2014he would bring great prosperity to Buddhism and accomplish many great things. 05:06
\nLater on, by his own aspiration, and by a prophecy of Master Tsong-kha-pa, Master Nga-wang Drak-pa travelled eastward to Gyal-mo-long, to spread the teachings. There, he established five great monasteries. These include the Da-tshang Monastery, Ba-go Monastery, and Sum-do Monastery, among others, where he led monastics in learning and teaching the sutra and tantra vehicles following Master Tsong-kha-pa’s system, and in the pristine practice of discipline. One could call these the earliest monasteries of the Gelugpa school. The Chronicles of the Lineage Masters of the Stages of the Path states the number of monasteries he established: as many as 108! 05:51
\nWhen Master Tsong-kha-pa was 43 years old, and was teaching at Teu-ra Monastery in Ye district, he received a letter from Master Nga-wang Drak-pa far away. Master Nga-wang Drak-pa had just established the final one of this great number of monasteries he had previously vowed to establish\u2014the Da-tshang Monastery\u2014so he wrote to report this to his teacher. After reading the letter, Master Tsong-kha-pa replied with the letter we will study today, instructing him on upholding the precepts, as well as the Three Principal Aspects of the Path. At the end of the letter, Master Tsong-kha-pa writes,\u00a0\u00a0
\nTo you, intelligent Nga-wang Drak-pa\u2014I hope that you will follow that which I have said, And for all lives, may we together cultivate The deeds and aspirations. Then upon my Buddhahood, I shall bring you the foremost nectar of the Dharma. We’ll find out what this means very shortly. 06:42
\nThere is also an interesting story behind the name of the Da-tshang Monastery. This monastery is located in modern-day Ma’erkang district in Sichuan province. It was the last of the 108 monasteries that Master Nga-wang Drak-pa had vowed to build. When it was completed, everyone said, “Ah! Da-tshang!” which in Tibetan means “Now, it is fulfilled!”\u2014he had now established 108 monasteries and fulfilled his aspiration. 07:08
\nIt was also by his request that Master Tsong-kha-pa wrote Clear Realization of the 13 Deities of Vajrabhairava, a very important Tantric composition. 07:16
\nAlso, in 1402, after Master Tsong-kha-pa wrote the Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment, he also sent this composition\u2014he didn’t forget!\u2014to his far-away disciple, Master Nga-wang Drak-pa. Master Nga-wang Drak-pa received it with utmost respect. After reading the Great Treatise, he came to have spontaneous, uncontrived inner experiences for all the crucial points of the path. His faith towards his teacher and tutelary deities grew tremendously. To repay his teacher’s kindness, he wrote Master Tsong-kha-pa a letter to report this, and made offerings such as fine red-coloured clothing and a pair of shoes. After reading his letter, Master Tsong-kha-pa was very delighted and glad, and wrote him a letter in reply. Master Tsong-kha-pa said that knowing his student gave rise to uncontrived experiential knowledge of the path, this made the hard work he put into the Treatise all very worthwhile. He was very pleased. 08:13
\nNote here! Let’s take a look here. If we can listen to, contemplate and practice on the Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment and achieve uncontrived experiential knowledge through it, then for all the hard work that Master Tsong-kha-pa had put into it, he would feel very content and pleased. We can all bear this in mind and think about it! 08:35
\nSome historical records also say that Master Nga-wang Drak-pa later visited Lhasa, but by that time Master Tsong-kha-pa had passed away. Master Nga-wang Drak-pa received from Master Ke-drup oral teachings related to Vajrabhairava and took notes on them. These notes can be found in the collection of Master Ke-drup’s works. Master Ke-drup also composed a praise for Master Nga-wang Drak-pa, extolling his achievements in learning and realization in both the sutra and tantra vehicles. 09:04
\nUp to here, we have briefly introduced the good qualities of Master Nga-wang Drak-pa. Next, we will begin studying the letter written by Master Tsong-kha-pa. The translation of this letter was done by Venerable Xing-Jing of Amrita International Scriptural Translation Foundation as the chief translator, with Venerable Ru-Fa as chief editor. This has been translated quite a while ago. Reading it made me very, very happy. so I would like to offer this to you all. 09:34
\nThis letter is titled
\nMaster Tsong-kha-pa’s Letter in Reply to the Tsha-kho Pon-po, Nga-wang Drak-pa. 09:44
\nTo begin,\u00a0
\nNamo Guru Manjughosha.\u00a0This line means “I prostrate to the Guru Manjushri.” 09:52
\nNow, the first stanza:\u00a0
\nA friend to beings unbeknownst to them, The most sublime of best companions, The only friend to all those destitute\u2014I prostrate to the teacher most supreme!\u00a010:04There is a friend to all living beings that living beings themselves don’t know so well. Among the very best companions one can have, this one is the most, most exceptional. He is the only friend to count on for those who are destitute. I bow down to this unparalleled teacher, the Buddha! 10:22
\nWe can see the words “unbeknownst to them”\u2014Unknown, unfamiliar. There is something that most of us living beings don’t know so well. What don’t we know? We don’t know our best friend and companion! What can friends and companions do for us? They can be with us through the highs and lows of life! When we need them, they are there.\u00a0 So, what can the best companions do for us? For this, let’s consider: What kind of hardship are we trying to overcome? It is the relentless torments of death and rebirth. And what wellbeing and happiness do we want to attain? It is happiness that never ends! What we hope to achieve in life is such a grand transformation from suffering all the way to happiness, so who can be our companion on this journey? Only the Buddha can! 11:14
\nSurely, we all hope to have a good companion on the journey of life, and yet the best of all companions we can find is actually the Buddha! So, where can the Buddha lead us? What journey does he accompany us on? We all know it is the path to Buddhahood. The “most sublime of best companions” means among the best companions, a buddha is the best still. Within the world and beyond, there is none that can surpass a buddha. The buddhas’ minds know all the things there are to know. Their expanse of knowledge is as vast as existence itself. They love every being as their only child. Their intention to help us has never ceased and will never cease. It will never decline or change, just like an indestructible diamond. In the countless eons of cyclic existence, we have searched everywhere for a good friend, but have we ever yearned to follow such a good friend as this? 12:11
\nNext, we see “all those destitute.” This “destitution” means being trapped within the world of cyclic reincarnation, which is bound by delusion and conditionality, and permeated by the nature of suffering. Here, he is our only kin and friend because he will guide us out of this ocean of suffering. This guide of ours is the Buddha. So let us give our homage to the Buddha! 12:39
\nNow, the second stanza:\u00a0
\nBy seeing that your sacred Teachings are The only sustenance for living beings; I therefore, with a heart of sympathy, Impart these words upon my disciple. 12:52
\nSeeing that your sacred teachings are the only thing living beings can rely on for their lives, I therefore say these words to my disciple out of compassionate sympathy. 13:00
\nIn this stanza, we can take a moment to think about the word “seeing.” Master Tsong-kha-pa sees that only the Buddha’s noble teachings are a true source of benefit for living beings, because all happiness must come from seeds of virtue. Relying on Buddha’s teachings, living beings can sow the seeds that lead to happiness, and only then can they harvest happiness as a result. The same is true for causes of suffering. By avoiding actions that cause suffering, one can avoid having to experience it as a result. Seeing this, Master Tsong-kha-pa is moved with sympathetic compassion, and gives this teaching to his student. 13:36
\nNext:\u00a0
\nThe ground of good and joy for beings of all nine births, The excellent Dharma of victorious Conquerors\u2014May you, my child, forever be victorious Upholding them in full, not short of strength!\u00a013:48You fully uphold the Buddhas’ excellent teachings\u2014the treasury of benefit and happiness for beings of all nine kinds of births\u2014without slackness or timidity. May you, my child in the Dharma, always be victorious! 14:00
\nThis stanza both praises the student as well as makes a wish. Master Tsong-kha-pa’s kind affection is very apparent here, as if it is pouring out of the page! He praises his spiritual child for fully upholding the Buddhas’ teachings, which are the very treasury of benefit and happiness for all sentient beings. The disciple, in doing so, is vigorous and fearless, so the Master says, “May you, my child, forever be victorious.” Every time I read this part, I am very touched! I need to take a deep breath. 14:38
\nNext, the fourth stanza:\u00a0
\nI’ve heard that you\u2014your mind so keen\u2014Have made the margin lands unlit by sunlight of the Teaching Filled with children of the Shakya who Uphold the Teacher’s stainless discipline. 14:52This says: I have heard that you, with your intelligent mind, and in an unlit, marginal land untouched by the sunlight of the Buddha’s teachings, have caused the place to be filled with children\u2014followers\u2014of Shakyamuni Buddha who uphold his pristine discipline. 15:06
\nMaster Tsong-kha-pa praises his intelligence: “your mind so keen”\u2014It is very endearing! He says Buddha’s teaching is like light. The disciple was teaching in an unlit and marginal land that did not have the Buddha’s teachings before, and he had fostered so many followers of Shakyamuni Buddha that the place became full of Buddha’s followers who upheld his stainless discipline. Imagine, everyone: How precious this is! And so his teacher praises him! 15:35
\nNow, the fifth stanza:\u00a0
\nLetters clearly stating all these things, With good words in good meaning, and some gifts, Were brought to me by monastics who were Ordained by virtue of your kindnesses.\u00a015:47This says: Letters that talk about these things in detail, composed of good content and elegantly written, as well as some gifts too, have been brought to me by disciples who were ordained as monastics because of your kindnesses. 16:00
\nThe six stanza:\u00a0
\nMy mind then, like the cotton, flies, Ushered by the scented breeze Arisen from your faultless deeds, Arriving in those places there.\u00a016:10At that time, my mind is like cotton carried by the air of your faultless actions and flies toward those places. 16:17
\nHere, “cotton” refers to being soft and gentle, moving readily with the wind. Master Tsong-kha-pa praises that: “Oh! What you wrote in the letter about those great deeds and endeavours are like wind that stirs the cotton of my mind. It is as if I have arrived in the place where you are, experiencing and witnessing it all with everyone there!” Can’t we feel this beautiful bond between the teacher and the student? Though they are physically apart, through their letters to each other, it is as though they are just by each other’s side. Isn’t it beautiful? 16:56
\nNext, the seventh stanza:\u00a0
\nThe three Collections contain all the Buddha’s Teachings; The threefold trainings, therefore, are the Teachings’ core. Among them all, the foremost one is discipline, Which\u2014as it’s taught\u2014is rooted in Vinaya.\u00a017:13All the teachings of the Victorious Buddha are encompassed by the three scriptural collections; therefore, the heart and essence of the Buddha’s teachings lies in the three trainings. The first and foremost training is that of ethical discipline, and the Buddha has said that its foundation in turn lies in the Vinaya. 17:33
\nThus, for the excellent Dharma of Vinaya’s ways Extensively set forth in Buddha’s excellent speech, Why won’t the skillful, learned ones well versed In stages of the Teachings take delight?\u00a017:46So, when it comes to the excellent teachings on the ways of Vinaya, which the Buddha has taught so extensively, why wouldn’t the wise and well-learned ones who are versed in the stages of the sacred teachings take heartfelt delight in them? 18:00
\nNext:\u00a0
\nToday, that ‘calm abiding’s concentration is a must Before great insight, wisdom’s training’\u2014such words can still be heard; And yet, that ‘higher training in the precepts are a must To generate pristine samadhi’\u2014Not even these words remain!\u00a018:16This says: That “training in wisdom\u2014insight\u2014requires the concentration of meditative serenity”\u2014alas, now this teaching merely exists in words. Yet for the teaching that “giving rise to pristine concentration requires training in discipline,” not even the words of this still remain! It has entirely disappeared. 18:34
\nWe all know the three precious trainings as taught by the Buddha\u2014discipline, concentration, and wisdom. We must rely on discipline as a foundation for the concentration of serenity, and then use this concentration as a basis to give rise to insight\u2014the training in wisdom. This stanza here speaks about a problem back then: practitioners no longer valued this stage-wise order of practice. 600 years ago, and things were already like that. 19:02
\nHow were things like? There were two cases: one where something had been reduced to mere words; and one where not even the words remained. What is the thing that was reduced to words? It was the sequence in which serenity must come first as a foundation for insight. Although people still taught about this sequence, almost nobody practiced it. Thus, the sequence in which concentration leads to wisdom had become mere words and no substance\u2014this was back then. As for the other case, where even the words disappeared, it was for the order in which discipline must come first as a cause for concentration. This declined even more! Not only did nobody practice it, but one could hardly find anyone who even spoke of it! We can see the extent to which practitioners of the time had neglected the discipline! 19:52
\nNext:\u00a0
\nTo be so brave in taking vows but then leave them aside\u2014Is most inferior of the inferior ways. To diligently safeguard any precepts one adopts\u2014This is the way of truly noble ones.\u00a020:07If one is extremely brave in making vows and promises but then just leaves them aside afterwards, then amidst all the lowly, mundane conducts, this is the most inferior of them all. Instead, to diligently uphold all the precepts that one has adopted\u2014This is the conduct of the great ones. 20:26
\nHere, Master Tsong-kha-pa praises that to diligently uphold discipline is what the great ones do, whereas the worst of all lowly, mundane conducts is to take courageous vows but not keep them. In such a case, one’s heart is full of power when making vows and promises, but when it comes to actually keeping them, one doesn’t make a real effort! This is something Master Tsong-kha-pa does not approve of at all\u2014it is negligence in keeping one’s vows. 20:54
\nThen, the 11th stanza: \u00a0
\nWhen seeing this, toward one’s faulted body, speech, and mind, Repeatedly use vigilance to check, Along with mindfulness, conscientious shame, and carefulness, To strive and tame the wild horse of the senses From going down mistaken paths, so that the mind Can come to settle onto any virtuous object Fully and in any way as one desires.Thus praised are precepts as a cause of samadhi.\u00a021:24Seeing these conditions, when it comes to the three faulted gateways of one’s being\u2014body, speech, and mind\u2014repeatedly employ observant vigilance as well as mindfulness, carefulness, moral shame and conscience to very diligently tame the wild horse of the senses, so the mind is able to settle on any virtuous object desired. For this reason, ethical discipline is praised as a required cause for meditative concentration. 21:48
\nIf free from all defilements of transgression, With mind unmovable from virtuous objects, The true nature of selflessness emerges clear Just like the moon within a pond pristine and calm.\u00a022:04If one can be uncontaminated by transgression of ethical discipline and has unmovable mental stability toward virtuous objects, at this time, the reality of selflessness becomes extremely clear, just like the reflection of the moon in calm and clear water. 22:20
\nAs such, to fully understand the keys Along the pathway of the threefold trainings, Since this depends on knowing the three Collections, One should rely on someone wise and study them.\u00a022:31As such, a full understanding of the key points of the three trainings requires understanding the three scriptural collections, so one should study them with guidance from wise teachers. 22:41
\nLet me ask: How can we understand the three trainings? Where can we get the understanding? The key is the three scriptural collections\u2014right?\u2014scripture, discipline, and commentary. So how can we study the three collections? We need to find a good teacher, don’t we? Therefore, we need to rely on qualified people as our teachers. We must rely on good teachers to learn the scriptural collections. Here, Master Tsong-kha-pa highlights the purpose of relying on an excellent teacher as well as its indispensable importance. We can say that a teacher is one who unlocks the three trainings for us. Without a teacher, it is impossible. 23:18
\nNext:\u00a0
\nThe only goal of learning is to practice it\u2014The skillful teachers have said this for many times. Therefore for anything one learns and understands, Without delay, apply it right away!\u00a023:35As the writing discusses, what is the purpose of scriptural study? Its only purpose is to be practiced. This is something that great propounders of the teachings have said again and again. Therefore, whenever one learns and understands anything, no matter how much, without delay, one should apply it immediately! Do you see Master Tsong-kha-pa’s viewpoint here? However much you have learned, you should apply it right away! 24:01
\nSo, in terms of why we learn, its only purpose is to be practiced. The word “sole” means that it is not for fame, fortune, or renown at all\u2014only for the practice. How do we practice? However much we know, we should not delay or procrastinate but apply it right away. This is exactly where we can start: given what we learn and hear, we reflect on it and apply it throughout the hours of the day. This is exactly how Late Master teaches us. Do you see it? It is a teaching passed down through the lineage, and we are learning and applying it right now. 24:40
\nThe preceding parts of this letter are stanzas, and the next parts are written in prose. Now, we are going to study the prose portion, so let’s start! 24:51
\nIt says:
\nSo far, these are brief statements of the reasons why ethical discipline constitutes the root of the path. One should therefore cherish these well, and repeatedly develop a sense of certainty regarding them. 25:05
\nIn these lines, we see that one should “cherish” the reasons why ethical discipline is the root of the path. Then, it says “repeatedly develop a sense of certainty.” As practitioners, we should develop our sense of certainty regarding this not just once, but we should continuously learn about why ethical discipline is the root of the path and repeatedly fortify our sense of certainty on it. This “sense of certainty” means a definite understanding that something is indeed true. We must not lose this sense of certainty! We should take many opportunities to again and again strengthen it in our mind. 25:39
\nNext:
\nIn marginal, uncultivated lands, you have established communities with many renunciates, and are teaching the Vinaya. This is truly excellent!\u00a025:49
\nDo you see? This is also what Late Master did. He established communities of many renunciates, and has taught the Vinaya. As we know, in our monastery in Taiwan, the banner for the “Precept-Learning Hall” is displayed toward the inside of the building. It is Late Master’s reminder for us that discipline means to look inward. It is not for teaching others, much less restraining others. The key is to overcome the afflictions in oneself. The true banner of ethical discipline must be upheld within. 26:17
\nSo, how can we uphold discipline well? Master Tsong-kha-pa goes on to say this:\u00a0
\nIf one mainly values receiving the precepts but does not establish the practices to uphold the discipline and purify transgressions, there is no way for the discipline to be clean. Therefore, you should by all means establish there the practices for them to safeguard it well by understanding the transgressions; as well as, if one does transgress the guidelines set forth by the Buddha due to the four causes of transgression\u2014ignorance and so forth\u2014to purify it by repenting and correcting oneself. Do not ignore a transgression without thinking about it.\u00a026:55For example, if you make a transgression, do not pretend you don’t know and leave it. Rather, what should we do?\u00a0
\nOnce a downfall occurs, purify it immediately.\u2014Again\u2014
\nOnce a downfall occurs, purify it immediately. Also give rise to moral shame, conscience, mindfulness, carefulness, and so forth. This way, one can make the discipline pure. 27:12
\nDo you see it? In this passage, the key is to recognize one’s transgressions\u2014to know the difference between upholding discipline versus transgressing it. We must know what constitutes a transgression in order to practice well. Everybody knows the causes of transgression as taught in the Great Treatise. We won’t discuss them in detail here since our time is limited. Most importantly, if we do commit a transgression\u2014if we have created the karma that would cause downfall in future lives\u2014what can we do? Don’t just leave it! We must repent, and avoid future transgressions, to purify our errors. What else? Do so immediately, right? Also develop moral shame, conscience, mindfulness and vigilance. Only this way of upholding the discipline can make it pure. Note this here: This is a way of upholding the discipline. 28:02
\nNext, Master Tsong-kha-pa says:
\nAlso in this respect, regarding virtue and non-virtue in general, do not regard the words on the benefits of virtue as mere encouragement; nor the words on the dangers of non-virtue as mere threats. One must develop a deep, heartfelt sense of certainty about them; and in particular, through repeated familiarization, one should develop certainty regarding the benefits of upholding the discipline and the faults of not upholding it. Otherwise, one would end up upholding discipline to please others, or for gains and praise, which would be missing the point. 28:44
\nThe obstacle to truly practicing like this lies in preoccupation with the activities of this lifetime, which comes from the perception that one will remain on and on in this life. The most thorough antidote for this is the mindfulness of death. Therefore, one must frequently cultivate the mindfulness of death. 29:01
\nIn this passage, Master Tsong-kha-pa teaches us to have firm conviction in the laws of karma\u2014Right?\u2014to know that virtue and nonvirtue have their consequences, and not think the teachings are just to encourage or scare us. It is about real causes and effects\u2014the laws of nature. Virtue will definitely bring happiness; and non-virtue, unless repented, will certainly bring suffering. We should meditate on this often and develop a good understanding of it. We should also meditate on the benefits of upholding the discipline and the faults of not doing so, and develop a definite understanding of them. This is also something we should repeatedly observe and analyze in our mind. 29:43
\nSo here, if we find ourselves unable to truly practice like that, then what would our greatest obstacle be? It is preoccupation with the activities of this lifetime\u2014we are busy eliminating suffering and achieving happiness for the sake of this lifetime alone. This results from an impression that we will still live on and on in this lifetime, which blinds us to life’s reality. And so, what is the most thorough antidote for this? It is the mindfulness of death! For this, we must often cultivate the mindfulness of death. The Great Treatise explains the practice to develop the mindfulness of death in exquisite detail. If you feel you are very preoccupied with activities of this lifetime, you can really take some time to meditate on this chapter. If not, then our mind is surely preoccupied with this lifetime\u2014we can say this, right? 30:37
\nAll in all, the unmistakable reality of karma is a specialty of omniscience, so one should often consult Mindfulness of the Excellent Teaching, the Hundred Actions Sutra, the Hundred Bodhisattva Stories, the Sutra of the Wise and the Foolish, the prefaces in the discipline, and the numerous other sutras and commentaries, and do one’s best to strengthen one’s conviction in karma. For non-virtues committed in the past, one should purify them completely through the four powers, as well as guard against and thereby completely sever any pathways of newly engaging in them. With regards to virtuous karma created in the past, one should expand and increase them through making great aspirations. As for virtues that have not been developed in the past, one should not be satisfied with having merely some virtue, but should employ various means to give rise to them.\u00a031:23
\nNo matter how much one is able to do, or whether these efforts can constitute actual practice or just an approximation, they should all be guided by the spirit of enlightenment\u2014This is an even greater key. 31:39
\nIn numerous sutras and tantras, the victorious Buddha praises the view of emptiness. It is through undermining all observed objects of intrinsic sign apprehension that it severs the extremes of existence and non-existence. And it is through being a helpful factor in developing a deep, definite understanding of karma and its effects, causing one to adopt and cast aside even subtle virtue and non-virtue, that it severs the extremes of existence and annihilation. However, most sentient beings either hold the view of permanence which regards emptiness as an independent reality, or the view of annihilation which undermines everything conventional. Emptiness is therefore extremely difficult to realize. And even if one does realize it, those who qualify as proper vessels to receive the teaching are extremely rare. 32:25
\nMaster Tsong-kha-pa says in particular: however much we can do, either actual cultivation or approximation, must be guided by bodhicitta. Also, we must cultivate the right view of emptiness free from the extremes of annihilation and permanence; especially on the point that the view of emptiness serves as a helpful factor in attaining a deep conviction in karma and its effects, this is something we must keep in mind! 32:44
\nNext, Master Tsong-kha-pa says:\u00a0
\nThus, if one has conviction in such reality, one should cultivate the causes for realizing it.\u00a0What causes, namely?\u00a0
\nEliminate karmic obstructions, accumulate collections, make extensive aspirations, and rely on well-learned teachers to learn the texts on this topic well. Do not be satisfied with knowing just a small part, but use discerning wisdom to seek it through extensive analysis. Regarding the aforementioned content, if one can engage in their practice in alternation with their learning and teaching, one’s certainty in understanding will become greater, and this will also serve to remedy the afflictions.\u00a033:24Then, Master Tsong-kha-pa says:\u00a0
\nThus, I hope you can practice just like this! 33:28
\nHere, he tells us to eliminate karmic obstructions, accumulate collections, make great aspirations, and rely on good teachers to learn the teachings well\u2014We must learn the teachings well! When studying, we should not be satisfied with gaining just a little bit of something. Rather, we should engage our discerning wisdom in extensive analysis. 33:46
\nThen, at the end of the letter, Master Tsong-kha-pa writes two more stanzas:
\nWholeheartedly reverent of the Conqueror’s teachings, Not lacking in your power of discernment, And training in accordance with great beings, To you, intelligent Nga-wang Drak-pa\u2014I hope that you will follow that which I have said,\u00a0 And for all lives, may we together cultivate The deeds and aspirations. Then upon my buddhahood, I shall bring you the foremost nectar of the Dharma.\u00a034:15With your full heart of reverence for the teachings of the Buddhas gone in bliss, with your power of analysis not at all inferior, and as you follow and learn from the great beings, you, intelligent Nga-wang Drak-pa\u2014may you follow that which I have said, and for all lifetimes, may we cultivate in the bodhisattva’s deeds and aspirations together. Once I achieve Buddhahood, I will bestow upon you the very first portion of the nectar of Dharma. 34:40
\nWhat is this saying? Master Tsong-kha-pa says when he achieves Buddhahood, who will he teach first? He will bestow upon Master Nga-wang Drak-pa the first portion of the nectar of the teaching. This means he will teach him first, right? It is a promise between a teacher and his student\u2014truly beautiful, isn’t it? 34:57
\nWith this, the writing comes to a close. There is also a short passage where Master Tsong-kha-pa records the contextual background of the letter.\u00a0
\nThis has been composed upon the occasion that the true excellent teacher, the great Abbott Nga-wang Drak-pa of Tsha-kho, founded the great unprecedented monastic communities in the eastern region of Gyal-mo-long, and sent a letter here. In reply, the auspicious learned bhikshu Lo-sang Drak-pa sent this writing from Teu-ra in the region of Ye. May all be auspicious! 35:30
\nSo now, we have finished studying this letter by Master Tsong-kha-pa. We can all see that in this letter, what Master Tsong-kha-pa teaches his student is virtually identical to what he says in the Great Treatise. So, this letter is included as part of the collection of Master Tsong-kha-pa’s works. Think about this: if we act correctly, we can see how Master Tsong-kha-pa would praise it; and if we act incorrectly, you can see that it makes him unhappy\u2014he would be unhappy and would not support it. Why? Because it will bring us suffering. 36:03
\nAnd so, the reason I chose this writing for the ceremony is because I really enjoy it. I read it again and again, and feel it helps me greatly! So I hope to offer it to everyone for Late Master’s Remembrance Ceremony this year. I hope after the teaching, everyone can read it many times on your own, keep applying it to yourselves and make true efforts to discern between virtue and non-virtue in your mind. And most, most importantly, we must uphold our discipline well, because Master Tsong-kha-pa’s system of practice is most distinguished as one that is founded upon pristine discipline as it encompasses both the sutra and tantra. 36:43
\nLastly, I hope that everyone can take good care of your health, and use this time of learning the teachings as an opportunity to heal our inner troubles and sorrows. We are seeing a lot of trouble and suffering in the world around us nowadays, so what can we do? What can we do to change the imperfections of the world or, to reduce the sufferings in the world? We must start from reducing non-virtue and fostering virtue in our mind. As we know, our world is a reflection of our own karma. If this is how our karma manifests currently, then we have to create a different kind of karma for things to manifest differently. Thus, what is the solution to suffering? It is to eliminate its causes within ourselves. What is the solution to a lack of happiness? Sow virtuous seeds in vast amounts! So, I hope everyone can keep striving in learning and practice, and that you will harvest the true joy of the Dharma! Thank you! 37:46<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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