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00:00
\n\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff01\u53c8\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u300a\u5e7f\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5468\u4f60\u4eec\u8fc7\u5f97\u8fd8\u4e0d\u9519\u5427\uff1f\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u80fd\u591f\u4e13\u6ce8\u5730\u5f00\u59cb\u542c\u95fb\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\uff0c\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u7ffb\u5f00\u300a\u5e7f\u8bba\u300b339\u9875\u5012\u6570\u7b2c2\u884c\u3002\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u539f\u6587\uff1a00:46
\n\u5f15\u636e\u300a\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f57\u871c\u591a\u6559\u6388\u8bba\u300b\u8bf4\u660e\u6b62\u89c2\u7684\u6240\u7f18
\n\u300a\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f57\u871c\u591a\u6559\u6388\u8bba\u300b\u4ea6\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u5c3d\u6240\u6709\u6027\u3001\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u6b62\u6240\u7f18\u3002\u5c3d\u6240\u6709\u6027\u3001\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027\u6709\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u89c2\u6240\u7f18\u3002\u201d 01:07
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\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fb9\u8bf4\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u6709\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u201d\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u53bb\u4fee\u5b66\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u548c\u6bd7\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6240\u7f18\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u2500\u2500\u6ce8\u610f\u5594\u2500\u2500\u662f\u4ee5\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u662f\u5b89\u4f4f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f71\u50cf\u4e0a\u4e0d\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u50cf\u5c31\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u201d\u3002\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u6e05\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u4e48\u6bd7\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5b89\u4f4f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f71\u50cf\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u6765\u53cd\u590d\u5730\u6289\u62e9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5883\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u50cf\u5f88\u663e\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6709\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u201d\u300203:38
\n\u8bf4\u660e\u201c\u5206\u522b\u201d\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5185\u6db5
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\n\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u521a\u521a\u63d0\u5230\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u6709\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u65e0\u5206\u522b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6709\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u65e0\u5206\u522b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f88\u5355\u7eaf\u5730\u6307\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\uff01\u5f88\u5355\u7eaf\u5730\u6307\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u662f\u6709\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u300205:26
\n\u63a5\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u770b\u539f\u6587\uff1a05:32
\n\u6b64\u8bf4\u4e8e\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027\u3001\u5c3d\u6240\u6709\u6027\u4e4b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u522b\u4f4f\uff0c\u540d\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\uff1b\u601d\u62e9\u4e8c\u5883\uff0c\u540d\u6bd8\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\u300205:47
\n\u5b97\u5927\u5e08\u5728\u5f15\u5b8c\u4e86\u300a\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f57\u871c\u591a\u6559\u6388\u8bba\u300b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027\u4e0e\u5c3d\u6240\u6709\u6027\u7684\u610f\u6db5\u2500\u2500\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u800c\u4f4f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\uff1b\u601d\u62e9\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027\u4e0e\u5c3d\u6240\u6709\u6027\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5883\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6bd7\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\u300206:14
\n\u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u8428\u4e09\u95ee
\n\u63a5\u7740\u5b97\u5927\u5e08\u53c8\u5f15\u4e86\u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u7ecf\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u5f88\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u8428\u4e09\u95ee\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f5b\u9640\u4e09\u7b54\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u539f\u6587\uff1a06:31
\n\u4ee5\u6b64\u4ea6\u5373\u300a\u6df1\u5bc6\u300b\u5bc6\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u4e16\u5c0a\uff0c\u51e0\u662f\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u6240\u7f18\uff1f\u544a\u66f0\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u8c13\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u51e0\u662f\u6bd8\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\u6240\u7f18\uff1f\u544a\u66f0\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u8c13\u6709\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u51e0\u662f\u4ff1\u6240\u7f18\uff1f\u544a\u66f0\uff1a\u6709\u4e8c\uff0c\u8c13\u4e8b\u8fb9\u9645\u3001\u6240\u4f5c\u6210\u529e\u3002\u201d 7:05
\n\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027\u4e0e\u5c3d\u6240\u6709\u6027\u7684\u4e49\u7406\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u800c\u5b89\u4f4f\uff0c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5440\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u3002\u601d\u62e9\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027\u4e0e\u5c3d\u6240\u6709\u6027\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5883\uff0c\u662f\u6bd7\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u610f\u8da3\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u8428\u8ddf\u4f5b\u9640\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u7b54\u3002\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u8428\u5c31\u8bf7\u95ee\u4e16\u5c0a\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u662f\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u7f18\u554a\uff1f\u201d\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u662f\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u7f18\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u90a3\u4e48\u4f5b\u9640\u5c31\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u554a\uff1f\u201c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u201d 07:50
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u4f5b\u9640\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u56db\u5bb6\u5408\u6ce8\u300b\u91cc\u8fb9\uff0c\u5df4\u68ad\u5c0a\u8005\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff1a\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5fc3\u4e2d\u73b0\u8d77\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u5206\u522b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u667a\u6167\u53bb\u5206\u522b\u7684\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f71\u50cf\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6362\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5fc3\u4e2d\u73b0\u8d77\u4e00\u79cd\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u5206\u522b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u667a\u6167\u53bb\u5206\u522b\u7684\u5fc3\u6240\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u7f18\u300208:30
\n\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u7740\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u8428\u53c8\u8bf7\u95ee\u4f5b\u9640\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u662f\u6bd7\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\u7684\u6240\u7f18\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u7136\u540e\u4f5b\u9640\u5c31\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u5206\u522b\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u201d\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6709\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u300a\u56db\u5bb6\u5408\u6ce8\u300b\u91cc\u8fb9\uff0c\u5df4\u68ad\u5c0a\u8005\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff1a\u6709\u5206\u522b\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5fc3\u4e2d\u73b0\u8d77\u201c\u7528\u5206\u522b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u667a\u6167\u53bb\u5206\u522b\u7684\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\u7684\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u50cf\u201d\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5fc3\u4e2d\u73b0\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u5206\u522b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u667a\u6167\u53bb\u5206\u522b\u7684\u5fc3\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e49\u5171\u76f8\uff0c\u5c31\u53eb\u6709\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u6240\u7f18\u554a\uff1f\u662f\u6bd7\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\u7684\u6240\u7f18\u300209:30
\n\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u8428\u51e0\u95ee\u4e86\uff1f\u4e24\u95ee\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u5427\uff1f\u63a5\u7740\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u8428\u53c8\u8bf7\u95ee\u4f5b\u9640\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u662f\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6bd7\u94b5\u820d\u90a3\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u6240\u7f18\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u4f5b\u9640\u5c31\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u4e8b\u8fb9\u9645\u4e0e\u6240\u4f5c\u6210\u529e\u3002\u201d\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\u3001\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e8b\u8fb9\u9645\u3001\u6240\u4f5c\u6210\u529e\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6240\u7f18\uff0c\u300a\u5e7f\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u540e\u9762\u8bb2\u5230\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u7f18\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u4e0d\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u300210:14
\n\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u8bb2\u5230\u8fd9\u513f\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u5927\u5bb6\uff0110:18
\n\u300a\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5e7f\u8bba\u300b\u539f\u6587\u6539\u8bd1\u53c2\u8003\u8868<\/p>\n

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\u4ee5\u6b64\u4ea6\u5373\u300a\u6df1\u5bc6\u300b\u5bc6\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u4e91<\/p>\n

\u636e\u85cf\u6587\u8865\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n

00:00Hello, everyone! It’s time for us to study the Great Treatise again. Did you have a good week? At this time, I hope everyone can focus as you begin to listen. Today, we will continue our learning. Please open the Great Treatise to volume 3, page 18, line 6. Let us look at the text. 00:46 Objects of Meditation for Serenity and Insight, According to the Instructions for the Perfection of Wisdom Also, Ratnakarashanti’s Instructions for the Perfection of Wisdom says: With regard to that, serenity’s object of meditation is a non-discursive image of something which is either a case of the diversity of phenomena or which represents the real nature. Insight’s object of meditation is a discursive image of something which is a case of the diversity of phenomena or which represents the real nature. 01:07 Do you remember which historical scholar composed the Instructions for the Perfection of Wisdom? Did anyone answer correctly? It was composed by Master Ratnakarashanti. Who is Master Ratnakarashanti a teacher of? He is one of Master Atisha’s teachers. In his Instructions for the Perfection of Wisdom, it is also said that, a “non-discursive image” of either the diversity or real nature of phenomena is an object of meditation for serenity, whereas a “discursive image” of the diversity or real nature of phenomena is an object of meditation for insight. “The diversity of phenomena” means conventional truths\u2014phenomena other than emptiness. “The real nature of phenomena” means the ultimate truth\u2014emptiness. 01:49 In the Four Interwoven Annotations, Master Ba-so explains that whether it is regarding the diversity or real nature of phenomena, if we do not use discerning wisdom to carry out analytical discernment, then this is what is referred to here as “non-discursive” [a.k.a. \u201cnon-analytical\u201d]. So, the meaning-generality [or mental image][1] which appears to such a mind is called a non-discursive [a.k.a. non-analytical] image. Regarding a non-discursive image, what is it an object of meditation for? It is an object of meditation for serenity. Instead, if we use analytical, discerning wisdom to observe the real nature or the diversity of phenomena, then this is what is referred to here as “discursive” [a.k.a. \u201canalytical\u201d]. The meaning-generality [or mental image] which appears to a mind that discerns in observation is called a discursive [a.k.a. analytical] image. Regarding discursive images, what are they objects of meditation for? Did you answer correctly? They are objects of meditation for insight. 02:46 Here, the text mentions “discursive” versus “non-discursive” images. When we use our mental consciousnesses to cultivate serenity or insight, the mental images that we take up as objects\u2014Take note of this!\u2014are mainly meaning generalities of things. Serenity is a state which focuses on such an image but does not examine it. Because the mind does not examine, the image is called a non-discursive [a.k.a. non-analytical] image. Is this clear? On the other hand, insight does not just focus on this image, but it must also further examine, analyze, and repeatedly discern about this object, so, clearly, this kind of image is a discursive [a.k.a. analytical] image. 03:38 “Discrimination,” “Conceptuality,” and “Discursiveness”[2] [In Chinese, “discursiveness” is denoted by a word that means “differentiation” or “discrimination.”[3] In Chinese,] this word is used quite often, and has many meanings. The first is “discrimination” as in, for example, afflicted thoughts, prejudices, likes and dislikes. These are things we need to reduce and eliminate; they are afflicted in nature, and we shouldn’t have them. The second meaning is “conceptual consciousness.” Our mental consciousness tends to be conceptual, while sensory consciousnesses are not. This \u201cconceptuality\u201d is not something we need to eliminate. Why? It is because all inferential valid cognitions [correct reasoning minds][4] are conceptual in nature. They all have to use mental images to cognize\u2014cognize what?\u2014cognize their objects. For all consciousnesses that observe their objects through meaning-generalities [or mental images], what kind of consciousnesses are they? They are \u201cconceptual consciousnesses.\u201d So, what are non-conceptual consciousnesses like? They do not need to use meaning-generalities to observe\u2014to observe their own objects. For example, an eye-consciousness which sees a water pot\u2014is this a conceptual consciousness, or non-conceptual? It is non-conceptual, right? So this same [Chinese word] can have different meanings. We must be mindful of the context to tell which meaning it is. 04:56 Then, what is the third meaning? Just now, the text mentioned “discursive” [lit. “with differentiation” in Chinese]. This is not any of the two meanings above. Here, it simply means\u2014Note this well!\u2014it simply means \u201cthe mind examines\u201d versus \u201cthe mind does not examine.\u201d A mental image while the mind is engaged in examination is a discursive [a.k.a. analytical] image. A mental image while the mind is not examining is a non-discursive [a.k.a. non-analytical] image.[5] 05:26 Next, let us continue to read the text: 05:32 This states that meditative serenity is non-discursive stabilization on something among either the diversity or the real nature of phenomena and that insight is analysis of either of those two objects. 05:47 After Master Tsong-kha-pa cites from Instructions for the Perfection of Wisdom, he summarizes from it: This passage points out that if we mentally stabilize on any case of the real nature or diversity of phenomena, and do not examine it or think any other thoughts, then this is serenity. If we examine or analyze these two kinds of objects, then this constitutes insight. 06:14 Maitreya Bodhisattva’s Three Questions in the Sutra Unravelling the Intended Meaning Then, Master Tsong-kha-pa cites from the Sutra Unravelling the Intended Meaning. The sutra contains some very well-known lines\u2014three questions from Maitreya Bodhisattva, and their answers from the Buddha. So, everyone, let’s continue reading the text: 06:31 This is also the intended meaning of a passage in the Sutra Unravelling the Intended Meaning: “O Bhagavan, how many objects does serenity have?”The Buddha replied, “One, namely, a non-discursive image.””How many objects does insight have?””Just one, a discursive image.””How many objects of both are there?””Two, namely, the limits of existence and achievement of your purpose.” 07:05 Let me explain this a little: If we take some case of the real nature or diversity of phenomena, and mentally stabilize on it without examination or any other thoughts, then what is this? It is precisely serenity. And then, examination of these two types of objects is insight\u2014this is the intended meaning of the Sutra Unravelling the Intended Meaning. So, in the sutra, there is a wonderful series of questions and answers between Maitreya Bodhisattva and the Buddha. The bodhisattva asks the world-honoured Buddha, “How many kinds of objects are there for serenity?” When we study about serenity, we would wonder and ask about this, too\u2014How many kinds of objects does it have? So, the Buddha answers\u2014how many?\u2014there is “one” kind which is, namely, a non-discursive [a.k.a. non-analytical] image. 07:50 For this kind of object mentioned by the Buddha in his answer, Master Ba-so explains it in the Four Interwoven Annotations: a non-discursive [a.k.a. non-analytical] image refers to a meaning-generality image which appears in a mind that is not carrying out any examination with discerning wisdom. In other words, a meaning-generality appears in the mind\u2014which just means a mental image. What kind of meaning-generality? It is one that appears to a mind that is not engaged in any analytical examination. This image is what is called a non-discursive [a.k.a. non-analytical] image, which is an object of meditation for serenity. 08:30 Then Maitreya Bodhisattva asks the Buddha another question, “How many kinds of objects are there for insight?” The Buddha answers that there is “one” kind, which is a discursive [a.k.a. analytical] image. What is a discursive [a.k.a. analytical] image? In the Four Interwoven Annotations, Master Ba-so explains a discursive image also as a meaning-generality image which appears in the mind, but it appears in a mind that is carrying out examination with discerning wisdom. In other words, a meaning-generality appears in the mind. What kind of meaning-generality? It is one that appears to a mind which is engaged in analytical examination. This kind of meaning-generality is called a discursive [a.k.a. analytical] image. What is it an object for? It is an object for insight. 09:30 How many questions has Maitreya Bodhisattva asked? Two, right? Next, the bodhisattva asks the Buddha again, saying, “How many kinds of things are objects for both serenity and insight?” The Buddha answers that there are “two”: the “limits of existence,” and the “achievement of your purpose.” About discursive images, non-discursive images, limits of existence, and achievement of purpose\u2014these four types of objects, later in the Great Treatise, when it discusses the objects of meditation for serenity, these will be explained extensively. Today, we will not discuss them in detail. This is where we will stop for today. Thank you, everyone! 10:18 Reference: The Great Treatise Passage Studied Original English text (Snow Lion text, Vol. III, pp. 18) English textin this transcript,if different Tibetan text,w\/ rough lit. interpretation Chinese text,w\/ rough lit. interpretation ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ Also, Ratnakarashanti’s Instructions for the Perfection of Wisdom says:[1] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0f64\u0f7a\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f55\u0fb1\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f44\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f40\u0fb1\u0f44\u0f0c\u0f0d Also from the Instructions for the Perfection of Wisdom, it is said,[1] \u300a\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c\u591a\u6559\u6388\u8ad6\u300b\u4ea6\u4e91[1]\uff1a The Instructions for the Perfection of Wisdom also says[1], With regard to that, \u00a0 \u0f51\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f0b “[2]For that, \u00a0 serenity’s object of meditation is a non-discursive image of something which is either a case of the diversity of phenomena or which represents the real nature. \u00a0 \u0f47\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f99\u0f7a\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f61\u0f7c\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f44\u0f0c\u0f0d \u0f47\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f9f\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f5e\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f62\u0fa3\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f9f\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f5f\u0f74\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f62\u0f99\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f5e\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f53\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f40\u0fb1\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f58\u0f72\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f7c\u0f0d that which is an image without mental conception, of the varieties of existents or [the nature of] how things are, is serenity’s object; \u300c[2]\u76e1\u6240\u6709\u6027\u3001\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027\u7121\u5206\u5225\u5f71\u50cf\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u6b62\u6240\u7de3\u3002 “[2]An image without differentiation, of the all-existents nature or the as-existent nature, is serenity’s object. \u00a0 Insight’s object of meditation is a discursive image of something which is a case of the diversity of phenomena or which represents the real nature. \u00a0 \u0f0d\u0f47\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f99\u0f7a\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f61\u0f7c\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f47\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f9f\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f5e\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f9f\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f5f\u0f74\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f62\u0f99\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f63\u0fb7\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f50\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f58\u0f72\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f7c\u0f0d that which is an image with mental conception, of the varieties of existents or [the nature of] how things are, is insight’s object, \u00a0 \u76e1\u6240\u6709\u6027\u3001\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027\u6709\u5206\u5225\u5f71\u50cf\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u89c0\u6240\u7de3\u3002 An image with differentiation, of the all-existents nature or the as-existent nature, is insight’s object. This[2] states[4] that[3] \u00a0 \u0f0d\u0f5e\u0f7a\u0f66\u0f0b[2] “[2] such that[3] \u300d\u6b64[2]\u8aaa[3,4] This[2] says[4] that[3], meditative serenity is non-discursive stabilization on something among either the diversity or the real nature of phenomena, and \u00a0 \u0f47\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f9f\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f47\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f99\u0f7a\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f7c\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f9f\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f47\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f5e\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f53\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f44\u0f0c\u0f0d stabilizing without mental conception on the content of the nature or the varieties is serenity, and \u65bc\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027\u3001\u76e1\u6240\u6709\u6027\u4e4b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u5225\u4f4f\uff0c\u540d\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\uff1b on the content of the as-existent nature or the all-existents nature, abiding without differentiation is called serenity; that insight is analysis of either of those two objects. \u00a0 \u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f49\u0f72\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f62\u0fa3\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f54\u0fb1\u0f7c\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f63\u0fb7\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f50\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f0b analyzing those two objects is insight; \u601d\u64c7\u4e8c\u5883\uff0c\u540d\u6bd8\u7f3d\u820d\u90a3\u3002 thinking analytically about these two objects is called insight, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0f51\u0f74\u0f0b[3]\u0f42\u0f66\u0f74\u0f44\u0f66\u0f0b[1,4] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0f4f\u0f7a\u0f0d[5] as \u00a0 ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4ee5[5]for[5] This is[6] also the intended meaning of[7] a passage[8] in the Sutra Unravelling the Intended Meaning: \u00a0 \u0f51\u0f42\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f42\u0fb2\u0f7a\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f40\u0fb1\u0f44\u0f0c\u0f0d this is[6] the intent of[7] what is said[8], moreover, from the Sutra Unravelling the Intended Meaning, \u6b64[6]\u4ea6\u5373[6]\u300a\u6df1\u5bc6\u300b\u5bc6\u610f[7]\uff0c\u5982\u4e91\uff1a this is[6] also precisely the intent of[7] the Sutra Unravelling the Intended Meaning, as it says,[8] “O Bhagavan, how many objects does serenity have?” \u00a0 \u0f56\u0f45\u0f7c\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f63\u0fa1\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f51\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f5e\u0f72\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f5e\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f53\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f40\u0fb1\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f58\u0f72\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0d “Bhagavan, how many are the objects of serenity?” \u300c\u4e16\u5c0a\uff0c\u5e7e\u662f\u5962\u6469\u4ed6\u6240\u7de3\uff1f “World-honored one, how many are the objects of serenity?” The Buddha replied, “One, namely, a non-discursive image.” \u00a0 \u0f56\u0f40\u0f60\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fa9\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f45\u0f72\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f9f\u0f7a\u0f0d \u0f60\u0f51\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f9f\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f9f\u0f7a\u0f0d \u0f62\u0fa3\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f9f\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f5f\u0f74\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f62\u0f99\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f7c\u0f0d [The Buddha] bestowed, “One, namely, an image with no mental conception.” \u544a\u66f0\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u8b02\u7121\u5206\u5225\u5f71\u50cf\u3002 [The Buddha] told [him] “One kind, namely an image with no differentiation.” “How many objects does insight have?” \u00a0 \u0f0d\u0f51\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f5e\u0f72\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f63\u0fb7\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f50\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f58\u0f72\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0d “How many are the objects of insight?” \u5e7e\u662f\u6bd8\u7f3d\u820d\u90a3\u6240\u7de3\uff1f “How many are the objects of insight?” “Just one, a discursive image.” \u00a0 \u0f56\u0f40\u0f60\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fa9\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f45\u0f72\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f41\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f9f\u0f7a\u0f0d \u0f62\u0fa3\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f9f\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f5f\u0f74\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f62\u0f99\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f7c\u0f0d [The Buddha] bestowed, “Just one, an image with mental conception.” \u544a\u66f0\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u8b02\u6709\u5206\u5225\u5f71\u50cf\u3002 [The Buddha] told [him]: “One kind, namely an image with differentiation.” “How many objects of both are there?” \u00a0 \u0f0d\u0f51\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f5e\u0f72\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f49\u0f72\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f40\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f58\u0f72\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0d “How many are the objects of both?” \u5e7e\u662f\u4ff1\u6240\u7de3\uff1f “How many are the objects of both?” \u00a0“Two, namely, the limits of existence and achievement of your purpose.” \u00a0 \u0f56\u0f40\u0f60\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fa9\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f49\u0f72\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f4f\u0f7a\u0f0d \u0f60\u0f51\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f9f\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f9f\u0f7a\u0f0d \u0f51\u0f44\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f7c\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f50\u0f60\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f42\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f61\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f56\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f7c\u0f0d [The Buddha] bestowed, “Two, namely, the boundary of real things, and full achievement of purpose.” \u544a\u66f0\uff1a\u6709\u4e8c\uff0c\u8b02\u4e8b\u908a\u969b\u3001\u6240\u4f5c\u6210\u8fa6\u3002\u300d [The Buddha] told [him]: “There are two, namely the bound of things and the achievement of what is carried out.” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0f0d\u0f5e\u0f7a\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f66\u0f74\u0f44\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b[8]\u0f51\u0f42\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b[7]\u0f61\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b[6]\u0f53\u0f7c\u0f0d \u00a0 [1] The meaning of “meaning-generality” has been explained in teaching 12, in the section named “The Definition of Meaning-Generality.” A later section of this teaching will explain about conceptual consciousnesses, which are closely related to meaning-generalities. Meaning generalities will also be mentioned there. [2] This section discusses a Chinese word (\u5206\u5225; fen1 bie2) which has multiple meanings. An intuitive literal meaning of this Chinese word in this context is \u201cdifferentiation.\u201d The corresponding Tibetan word in this context (\u0f62\u0fa3\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f9f\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54; rnam par rtog pa, or, \u0f62\u0f9f\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54; rtog pa) has meanings including \u201cmental conception,\u201d \u201cthought,\u201d \u201cdiscursive thought,\u201d and \u201cideation.\u201d Three English words are used in this section subtitle to represent the meanings that will be explained here. The Chinese section subtitle literally says “Explaining Three Meanings of the Word fen-bie.” The meanings explained in this section are the ones that are the most relevant for the current context, whereas the Tibetan and Chinese words themselves also have other meanings. In English, these Tibetan and Chinese words are translated variously. Some texts use different English words for different meanings (such as the English text of the Great Treatise), whereas other texts use the same English expression for all meanings (often as \u201cconceptual,\u201d \u201cconcept\u201d and the like). [3] In translating this teaching in particular, the words \u201cdifferentiation\u201d and “discrimination” are used in a somewhat casual sense (more so to illustrate the intuitive meanings of the Chinese word being explained in this section, rather than what the words refer to technically). This is different from how these two words are used in the English text of the Great Treatise. As for how \u201cdifferentiation\u201d and \u201cdiscrimination\u201d are used in the English text of the Great Treatise, both words are used in the book, for example, to translate another Tibetan expression (\u0f62\u0fa3\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f7a\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b; rnam par \u2018byed pa) which literally means \u201cdifferentiation,\u201d \u201cdiscrimination,\u201d and the like (see \u201cdifferentiation\u201d in the passages for teaching 12 and 15). Also, \u201cdiscrimination\u201d is sometimes used in the book as an equivalent for “discernment” (Tib: \u0f66\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f9f\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b; so sor rtog pa. Many instances of “discerning wisdom” and “discriminating wisdom” in vol. III are translated from the same Tibetan expression), and sometimes to translate a Tibetan word that means “idea,” “thought,” or “conception” (Tib: \u0f60\u0f51\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f64\u0f7a\u0f66\u0f0b; ‘du shes. This usage is often found, for example, in vol. I), among a few other usages. In other English Buddhist texts, there are also other usages for “discrimination.” [4] Simply speaking, an “inferential valid cognition” (Tib: \u0f62\u0f97\u0f7a\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f54\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f5a\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f58; rjes su dpag pa’i tshad ma, Ch: \u6bd4\u91cf; bi3 liang4) is any consciousness which determines a new and unmistaken conclusion through logical reasoning, either based on known facts or reliable sources. For example, the consciousness which deduces the presence of fire when smoke is seen, and the consciousness which ascertains the merits of the Three Jewels through related scriptures, both fall into the category of inferential valid cognition. More detailed discussions regarding valid cognitions can be found in many scriptures and scriptural commentaries. See, for example, p. 212-216 in Steven Weinberger’s English translation of Master Ngag-wang-tra-shi’s Collected Topics. [5] The Tibetan expression translated here as “discursive image” (\u0f62\u0fa3\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f9f\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f45\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f5f\u0f74\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f62\u0f99\u0f53\u0f0b; rnam par rtog pa dang bcas pa’i gzugs brnyan) has quite a few alternative translations in English, including “conceptual image” (this translation appears to be used very often, as it has the same English word “conceptual” as for “conceptual consciousness”), “speculative counterimage,” and \u201canalytical image.\u201d In this teaching, one of these alternative translations, \u201canalytical,\u201d is placed in brackets as a reference. In general, just as the Chinese word fen-bie can have multiple meanings, for which a reader needs to be mindful of the context to tell the intended meaning in any given situation, a similar situation exists for many related English expressions (such as “discrimination,” “conceptuality,” “discursiveness,” “differentiation,” and so forth). The English reader also needs to discern the contexts in which these expressions are used to determine the intended meanings in each case. 00:00\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \ub610 \ud568\uaed8 \u300e\ub78c\ub9bc\u300f\uc744 \ubc30\uc6b0\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88\uc8fc \uc798 \uc9c0\ub0b4\uc168\uc9c0\uc694? \uc774\uc2dc\uac04\u00a0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud558\uc5ec \ub4e3\uae38 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7fc \uacc4\uc18d \ubc30\uc6b0\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u300e\ub78c\ub9bc\u300f\uc758 619\ud398\uc774\uc9c0\uc758 \uccab\ubc88\uc9f8 \uc904 \uc6d0\ubb38\uc744 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0 00:46 \u300e\ubc18\uc57c\ubc14\ub77c\ubc00\ub2e4\uad50\uc218\ub860\u300f\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c0\uad00\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub2e4 \u300e\ubc18\uc57c\ubc14\ub77c\ubc00\ub2e4\uad50\uc218\ub860\u300f\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 “\uc774\uc5d0 \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131(\u76e1\u6240\u6709\u6027)\uacfc \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131(\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd84\ubcc4\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1\uc774 \uc9c0\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc774\ub77c \ud558\uba70, \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uacfc \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubd84\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1\uc774 \uad00\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc774\ub77c \ud55c\ub2e4.”\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 01:07 \ub204\uac00 \u300e\ubc18\uc57c\ubc14\ub77c\ubc00\ub2e4\uad50\uc218\ub860\u300f\uc744 \uc9c0\uc73c\uc168\ub294\uc9c0 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uace0 \uacc4\uc2e0\uac00\uc694? \uc54c\uc544 \ub9de\ud788\uc2e0 \ubd84 \uc788\ub098\uc694? \uc2dc\uc640\ucd08\uac00 \uc9c0\uc73c\uc168\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uc640\ucd08\ub294 \uc5b4\ub290 \ubd84\uc758 \uc2a4\uc2b9\ub2d8\uc785\ub2c8\uae4c? \uc544\ud2f0\uc0e4\uc874\uc790\ub2d8\uc758 \uc2a4\uc2b9\ub2d8 \uc911 \ud55c \ubd84\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7fc \uc2dc\uc640\ucd08\uac00 \uc9c0\uc73c\uc2e0 \u300e\ubc18\uc57c\ubc14\ub77c\ubc00\ub2e4\uad50\uc218\ub860\u300f\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131(\u76e1\u6240\u6709\u6027)\uacfc \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131(\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6027)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd84\ubcc4\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1\uc774 \uc9c0\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc774\ub77c \ud558\uc600\uace0. \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uacfc \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd84\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1\uc740 \uad00\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uc740 \uc138\uc18d\uc81c(\u4e16\u4fd7\u8ae6)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc131\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uc740 \uc2b9\uc758\uc81c(\u52dd\u7fa9\u8ae6)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc131\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 01:49 \u300e\uc0ac\uac00\ud569\uc8fc\u300f\uc5d0\uc11c \ube60\uc3d8\uc874\uc790\ub2d8\uaed8\uc11c\ub294 \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131, \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uc744 \ub9c9\ub860\ud558\uace0. \ubd84\ubcc4\uad00\ucc30\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\ud61c\ub85c\uc11c \ubd84\ubcc4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 ‘\ubd84\ubcc4\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294’\uac83\uc774\ub77c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uc168\uace0. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub9c8\uc74c\uc5d0 \ub5a0\uc624\ub978 \uc758\uacf5\uc0c1(\u7fa9\u5171\u76f8)\uc774 ‘\ubd84\ubcc4\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1’\uc774\ub77c \ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\ubcc4\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc778\uac00? \uc9c0\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\ubcc4\uad00\ucc30\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\ud61c\ub85c\uc11c \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131 \ud639\uc740 \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uc744 \uc5f0(\u7de3)\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0 \ub9d0\ud55c ‘\ubd84\ubcc4\ud55c\ub2e4’\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uc74c\uc18d\uc758 \ub5a0\uc624\ub978 \uc758\uacf5\uc0c1\uc744 \ubd84\ubcc4\uad00\ucc30\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 ‘\ubd84\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1’\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc785\ub2c8\uae4c? \ub9de\ud788\uc168\ub098\uc694? \uad00\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 02:46 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c ‘\ubd84\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1’\uacfc ‘\ubd84\ubcc4\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1’\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc758\uc2dd(\u610f\u8b58)\uc774 \uc0ac\ub9c8\ud0c0\uc640 \uc704\ube60\uc0ac\ub098\ub97c \ub2e6\uc744\ub54c \uc5f0\ud558\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1\uc740\u2026\uc8fc\uc758\ud558\uc138\uc694. \uc758\uacf5\uc0c1\uc744 \uc704\uc8fc\ub85c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub9c8\ud0c0\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc758\uacf5\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc548\uc8fc\ud558\uba70 \uad00\ucc30\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad00\ucc30\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774\uac83\uc744 ‘\ubd84\ubcc4\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1’\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc54c\uc544 \ub4e4\uc73c\uc168\ub098\uc694? \uadf8\ub7fc \uc704\ube60\uc0ac\ub098\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc601\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc548\uc8fc\ud560 \ubfd0\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c. \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774 \uacbd\uc744 \uad00\ucc30, \ubd84\uc11d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774\ub7f0 \uc601\uc0c1\uc740 ‘\ubd84\ubcc4 \ud558\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1’\uc774 \ubd84\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 03:38 ‘\ubd84\ubcc4’\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc138\uac00\uc9c0 \ub73b\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub2e4 \uc6b0\ub9b0 \uc790\uc8fc ‘\ubd84\ubcc4’\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \ub4e3\uac8c \ub418\ub294\ub370, ‘\ubd84\ubcc4’\uc758 \ub73b\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec\uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8\ub85c \uc560\uc545\uce5c\uc18c(\u611b\u60e1\u89aa\u758f). \uc774\ub7f0 \ubd84\ubcc4\uc2ec\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub300\uce58(\u5c0d\u6cbb)\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uace0 \ubc88\ub1cc\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc548\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7fc \ub450\ubc88\uc9f8\ub294 \uadfc\uc2dd(\u6839\u8b58)\uacfc \uc758\uc2dd(\u610f\u8b58)\uc758 \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4\uc2ec\uacfc \ubd84\ubcc4\uc2ec\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubd84\ubcc4\uc2ec\uc740 \ub04a\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9b4 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0? \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ube44\ub7c9(\u6bd4\u91cf)\uc740 \ub2e4 \ubd84\ubcc4\uc2ec\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub450 \uc758\uacf5\uc0c1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc5f0\ucde8(\u7de3\u53d6)\ud558\ub098\uc694? \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb34\ub987 \uc758\uacf5\uc0c1\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc2dd(\u8b58)\uc740 \ub2e4 \ubb34\uc2a8 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc778\uac00\uc694? \ubd84\ubcc4\uc2ec\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7fc \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4\uc2ec\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc778\uac00\uc694? \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4\uc2ec\uc740 \uc758\uacf5\uc0c1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uacbd\uacc4\ub97c \uc5f0\ucde8(\u7de3\u53d6)\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uba74 \ubcd1(\u74f6)\uc744 \ubcf8 \uc548\uc2dd(\u773c\u8b58), \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ubd84\ubcc4\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc778\uac00\uc694? \uc5c6\ub294 \ub9c8\uc74c \uc778\uac00\uc694? \uc5c6\ub294 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc774\uc9c0\uc694? \ub611\uac19\uc740 ‘\ubd84\ubcc4’\uc774\ub780 \uae00\uc790\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc55e\ub4a4 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc744 \ubd10\uc57c \uba85\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ud5e4\uc544\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 04:56 \uadf8\ub7fc \uc138\ubc88\uc9f8\ub294 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00? \ubc29\uae08 \ub9d0\ud55c \uc601\uc0c1\uc758 \uc720\ubd84\ubcc4\uacfc \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4\uc740 \uc55e\uc758 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc720\ubd84\ubcc4\uacfc \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc800 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud558\uac8c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8, \uc8fc\uc758! \ub2e8\uc21c\ud558\uac8c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8 \uad00\ucc30\uc758 \uc791\uc6a9\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad00\ucc30\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc720\ubd84\ubcc4\uc601\uc0c1\uc774\uba70, \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4 \uc601\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 05:26 \uacc4\uc18d \uc6d0\ubb38\uc744 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 05:32 \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uacfc \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uc758 \ub73b\uc744 \ubd84\ubcc4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uba38\ubb34\ub984\uc774 \uc9c0\uc774\uace0, \uc774 \ub450 \ub300\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubd84\ubcc4 \uc0ac\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uad00\uc774\ub77c \ud568\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. 05:47 \ucad1\uce74\ubc14\ub300\uc0ac\ub2d8\uaed8\uc11c \u300e\ubc18\uc57c\ubc14\ub77c\ubc00\ub2e4\uad50\uc218\ub860\u300f\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud558\uc2dc\uace0 \ub098\uc11c, \ucd1d\uacb0\ud558\uc168\ub294\ub370\u00a0 \uc774 \ub2e8\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uacfc \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubd84\ubcc4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc548\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc0ac\ub9c8\ud0c0\uc774\uace0, \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uacfc \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131 \uc774 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uacbd\uacc4\ub97c \uc0ac\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uc704\ube60\uc0ac\ub098\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\uc500\ud558\uc168\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 06:14 \u300e\ud574\uc2ec\ubc00\uacbd\u300f\uc911 \ubbf8\ub975\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc758 \uc0bc\ubb38(\u4e09\u554f) \ub2e4\uc74c \ucad1\uce74\ubc14\ub300\uc0ac\ub2d8\uaed8\uc11c \u300e\ud574\uc2ec\ubc00\uacbd\u300f\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud558\uc168\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacbd\uc5d0 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \ubbf8\ub975\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc758 \uc0bc\ubb38(\u4e09\u554f)\uacfc \ubd80\ucc98\ub2d8\uc758 \uc0bc\ub2f5(\u4e09\u7b54)\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uacc4\uc18d \uc6d0\ubb38\uc744 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 06:31 \u300e\ud574\uc2ec\ubc00\uacbd\u300f\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud55c \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4. ” ‘\uc138\uc874\uc774\uc2dc\uc5ec, \uc9c0\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc740 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\uae4c?’ \ub300\ub2f5\ud558\uc2dc\uae38 ‘\ud558\ub098\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc989 \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4\uc758 \uc601\uc0c1\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c’, ‘\uad00\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc740 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc785\ub2c8\uae4c?’\u00a0 \ub300\ub2f5\ud558\uc2dc\uae38 ‘\uc624\uc9c1 \ud558\ub098\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc989 \ubd84\ubcc4\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c’, ‘\uc774 \ub450\uac00\uc9c0\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc740 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\uae4c?’ \ub300\ub2f5\ud558\uc2dc\uae38 ‘\ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc989 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc758 \uad81\uadf9\uc801 \uacbd\uacc4\uc640 \uc131\ucde8\uc791\uc6a9\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c.’ ” 07:05 \uc774 \ub2e8\ub77d\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uacfc \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uc758 \ub73b\uc5d0 \ubd84\ubcc4\uc774 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc548\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc785\ub2c8\uae4c? \uc0ac\ub9c8\ud0c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uacfc \uc9c4\uc18c\uc720\uc131\uc774 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uacbd\uc744 \uc0ac\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc704\ube60\uc0ac\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \u300e\ud574\uc2ec\ubc00\uacbd\u300f\uc758 \ub73b\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \u300e\ud574\uc2ec\ubc00\uacbd\u300f\uc5d0 \ubbf8\ub975\ubcf4\uc0b4\uacfc \ubd80\ucc98\ub2d8\uc758 \uba4b\uc9c4 \ubb38\ub2f5\uc774 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\ub975\ubcf4\uc0b4\uaed8\uc11c “\uc0ac\ub9c8\ud0c0\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc740 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\uae4c?” \ud558\uba70 \uc138\uc874\uaed8 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ud558\uc2ed\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9c8\ud0c0\ub97c \ubc30\uc6b8 \ub54c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. “\uc0ac\ub9c8\ud0c0\uc758 \uc18c\uc5f0\uc740 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\ub098\uc694?” \ubd80\ucc98\ub2d8\uaed8\uc11c \ub300\ub2f5\ud558\uc2ed\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\uae4c?\u00a0 “\ud55c \uac00\uc9c0\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc989 \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4 \uc601\uc0c1\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c.” 07:50 \ubd80\ucc98\ub2d8\uc758 \ub300\ub2f5\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \u300e\uc0ac\uac00\ud569\uc8fc\u300f\uc5d0\uc11c \ube60\uc3d8\uc874\uc790\ub2d8\uaed8\uc11c \uc124\uba85\uc740: \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4 \uc601\uc0c1\uc774\ub780 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c “\ubd84\ubcc4\uad00\ucc30\ud558\ub294\u00a0 \uc9c0\ud61c\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \ubd84\ubcc4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc758\uacf5\uc0c1\uc758 \uc601\uc0c1”\uc774 \ub5a0\uc624\ub974\ub294 \uac83 \uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9d0\ud574\uc11c \ub9c8\uc74c\uc18d\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \uc758\uacf5\uc0c1\uc774 \ub5a0\uc624\ub978 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc758\uacf5\uc0c1\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uc601\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc758\uacf5\uc0c1\uc778\uac00? \uc989 \ubd84\ubcc4\uad00\ucc30\uc758 \uc9c0\ud61c\ub85c\uc11c 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\nGuten Tag alle miteinander! Ich bin gl\u00fccklich, dass wir uns heute wieder treffen, um Die Gro\u00dfe Darlegung wieder gemeinsam zu studieren und zu kontemplieren. Wie erging es Ihnen in der vergangenen Woche?
\nHeute werden wir unsere Studien fortf\u00fchren. Bitte \u00f6ffnen Sie daf\u00fcr jetzt Die gro\u00dfe Darlegung, Band 3, Seite 18, Zeile 6. Lassen Sie uns den Text gemeinsam lesen: 00:49
\nWie in die Anleitungen zur Erlangung der Vollst\u00e4ndigkeit der Weisheit (Praj\u00f1a-par\u0101mito-prad\u015ba) die Meditationsobjekte von Geistiger Ruhe und Besonderer Einsicht unterschieden werden
\n\u201eRatna-kara\u015banti erkl\u00e4rt in Anleitungen zum Erlangen der Vollkommenheit der Weisheit (Praj\u00f1a-par\u0101mito-prad\u015ba):
\n\u201aF\u00fcr Geistige Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha) ist das zugeh\u00f6rige Meditationsobjekt ein nicht-diskursives geistiges Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101) von etwas, das entweder die Vielfalt der Ph\u00e4nomene oder deren letztendliche Natur geistig repr\u00e4sentiert. Das Meditationsobjekt der Besonderen Einsicht (skr.: vipa\u015byan\u0101) hingegen ist ein diskursives geistiges Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101) von etwas, das die Vielfalt der Ph\u00e4nomene oder deren letztendlichen Natur geistig repr\u00e4sentiert.\u201c 01:09
\nErinnern Sie sich noch, welcher Gelehrte die Anleitungen zum Erlangen der Vollkommenheit der Weisheit (Praj\u00f1a-par\u0101mito-prad\u015ba) komponierte? Genau, es war gur\u00fa Ratna-kara\u015banti. Und wessen Lehrer war er? Er war einer von mehreren Lehrern des gro\u00dfartigen indischen Gelehrten Atisha[3].
\nIn Anleitungen zum Erlangen der Vollkommenheit der Weisheit (Praj\u00f1a-par\u0101mito-prad\u015ba) hei\u00dft es zu unserem Thema, dass ein \u201enicht-diskursives geistiges Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101)\u201c \u00fcber die Vielfalt der Ph\u00e4nomene oder deren letztendlichen Natur das Meditationsobjekt der Geistigen Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha) ist, w\u00e4hrend ein \u201ediskursives geistiges Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101)\u201c \u00fcber die Vielfalt der Ph\u00e4nomene oder deren letztendlichen Natur das Meditationsobjekt der Besonderen Einsicht (skr.: vipa\u015byan\u0101) ist. Der Ausdruck Vielfalt der Ph\u00e4nomene benennt alle konventionellen Dinge sowie die zugeh\u00f6rigen konventionellen Wahrheiten \u2013 also alle Ph\u00e4nomene au\u00dfer das Leersein von Eigenexistenz (skr.: \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101 svabh\u0101va). Der Ausdruck letztendliche Natur der Ph\u00e4nomene benennt die letztendliche Wahrheit \u00fcber die Natur der Ph\u00e4nomene, ihr Leersein von Eigenexistenz (skr.: \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101 svabh\u0101va). 01:50
\nIn Die vier verwobenen Anmerkungen erkl\u00e4rt gur\u00fa Ba-so, dass, wenn wir bezogen auf die Vielfalt der Ph\u00e4nomene oder deren letztendliche Natur die Anwendung von unterscheidender Weisheit vermeiden \u2013 mit der wir in der Regel Unterscheidungen treffen \u2013 wir zu einem nicht-diskursiven [nicht-analytischen] geistigen Bild gelangen. Diese geistige Vorstellung \u2013 skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 \u2013 \u00fcber etwas, was philosophisch auch Bedeutungsgeneralit\u00e4t genannt wird, die einem nicht-diskursiv t\u00e4tigen Geist erscheint, hat den Charakter nicht-diskursiv [nicht-analytisch] zu sein. Und f\u00fcr was ist ein nicht-diskursives geistiges Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101) ein Meditationsobjekt? Genau, es ist das Meditationsobjekt der Geistigen Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha).
\nWenden wir hingegen die analytisch unterscheidende Weisheit an, um die letztendliche Natur oder die Vielfalt der Ph\u00e4nomene im Detail zu untersuchen, dann hat die auftretende geistige Vorstellung die Eigenschaft diskursiv [ oder analytisch] zu sein. Das geistige Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101), das in einem analytisch unterscheidenden Geist entsteht, ist ein diskursives [analytisches]. Und wof\u00fcr sind diskursive geistige Bilder (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101) Meditationsobjekte? Haben Sie richtig geantwortet? Sie sind die Meditationsobjekte der Besonderen Einsicht (skr.: vipa\u015byan\u0101). 02:46
\nWir unterscheiden also zwischen diskursiven und nicht-diskursiven geistigen Bilder (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101). Kultivieren wir Geistige Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha) oder Besondere Einsicht (skr.: vipa\u015byan\u0101), dann sind damit mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 (dt.: vorbewusst unterscheidende Erkenntnis \u00fcber geistige Objekte) verbunden, die wir als Objekte in Geist f\u00fcr die Meditation nutzen. Beachten Sie: Es sind Informationsrepr\u00e4sentationen von Meditationsobjekten, die in Geist entstehen und dort f\u00fcr die Meditation genutzt werden. Geistige Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha) ist der Zustand, in dem Geist auf ein mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 (dt.: vorbewusst unterscheidende Erkenntnis \u00fcber geistige Objekte) fokussiert ausgerichtet wird und bleibt, ohne es hinsichtlich seiner diversen Facetten zu analysieren. Weil Geist dabei nicht analytisch t\u00e4tig wird, hat dieses Bild den Charakter nicht-diskursiv [nicht-analytisch] zu sein. Ist das klar geworden?
\nIm Zustand von Besonderer Einsicht (skr.: vipa\u015byan\u0101) hingegen wird Geist nicht nur fokussiert und konzentriert auf mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 ausgerichtet, sondern Geist untersucht, analysiert und unterscheidet das Meditationsobjekt umfassend, ohne von irgendetwas abgelenkt zu werden. Diese Art von geistigem Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101) hat daher die Eigenschaft diskursiv [analytisch] zu sein. 03:39
\nDiskursivit\u00e4t, Unterscheiden und begriffliches Denken
\nIm Chinesischen wird Diskursivit\u00e4t (chin: fen bie) meist als Unterscheidung respektive Diskriminierung bezeichnet. In der chinesischen Textversion wird der Begriff Diskursivit\u00e4t vielfach verwendet, doch er hat auch andere Konnotationen.
\nDie erste Bedeutung von Diskursivit\u00e4t ist die Unterscheidung von beispielsweise betr\u00fcbten Gedanken, Vorurteilen, Vorlieben und Abneigungen. Das sind Aspekte, die wir reduzieren und eliminieren sollten; sie sind grunds\u00e4tzlich mit Bedr\u00e4ngnissen und Leiden behaftet und wir sollten sie z\u00fcgig beenden.
\nDie zweite Bedeutung von Diskursivit\u00e4t im Chinesischen ist das begriffliche Denken. Das mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 (dt.: vorbewusst unterscheidende Erkenntnis \u00fcber ein geistiges Objekt) wird im Alltag zumeist begrifflich genutzt und m\u00fcndet in Vorstellungen und Konzepte (skr.: sa\u1e43sk\u0101ra), w\u00e4hrend die f\u00fcnf mit den Sinnen verbundenen vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 (dt. vorbewusst unterscheidende Erkenntnisse \u00fcber sinnlich wahrgenommene Objekte) grunds\u00e4tzlich nicht-begrifflicher Art sind [und uns deshalb auch nicht bewusst sind].
\nDas begriffliche Denken ist allerdings nicht etwas, das wir \u2013 wie es manche behaupten \u2013 grunds\u00e4tzlich \u00fcberwinden m\u00fcssten. Denn alle schlussfolgernden validen Erkenntnisse, die wir auf dem Weg zur Erleuchtung brauchen und erfahren, w\u00e4hrend wir Analysen \u00fcber die letztendliche Natur der Ph\u00e4nomene als Vorbereitung f\u00fcr eine unmittelbare Erfahrung dar\u00fcber durchf\u00fchren, sind von begrifflicher Art. Sie basieren auf diskursiven geistigen Bildern (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101), um das Wahrgenommene in eine Information zu wandeln, sodass wird das Wahrnehmungsobjekt erkennen k\u00f6nnen [\u2013 um etwa zwischen einem Seil und eine Schlange im Sand zu unterscheiden].\u00a0 Um was genau zu erkennen? Um die Beobachtungsobjekte und ihre letztendliche Natur zu erkennen. Denn Geist, der ein Objekt analytisch mit Hilfe von mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 [oder mentale Bilder] wahrnimmt \u2026 was f\u00fcr eine Art von Bewusstsein entsteht dabei? Genau, es ist ein begriffliches Bewusstsein.
\nUnd was ist dann ein nicht-begriffliches Bewusstsein? Ein nicht-begriffliches Bewusstsein ist frei von allen Konzepten. Wenn beispielsweise das mit dem Sehen verbundene c\u0101k\u1e63ur-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 (dt.: die mit einem Sehobjekt verbundenen vorbewusst unterscheidenden Erkenntnisse), einen Topf Wasser sieht, handelt es sich dann um ein begriffliches oder nicht-begriffliches Denken? Genau, es ist ein nicht-begriffliches[4] Denken[5]. Wir k\u00f6nnen also feststellen: F\u00fcr das chinesische Wort Diskursivit\u00e4t gibt es verschiedene Konnotationen. Wir m\u00fcssen daher immer auf den Kontext einer Aussage achten. 04:58
\nUnd gibt es eine dritte Bedeutung f\u00fcr den Begriff? Ja. Gerade wurde im Text von \u201ediskursiv\u201c [w\u00f6rtlich im Chinesischen: \u201emit Unterscheidung\u201c] gesprochen. Doch das entspricht nicht den beiden erw\u00e4hnten Konnotationen. An dieser Stelle bedeutet es \u2013 merken Sie sich das! \u2013 Geist untersucht versus Geist untersucht nicht. Untersucht mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101, also die vorbewusst unterscheidende Erkenntnis \u00fcber ein Geistesobjekt ein Objekt, ist es diskursiv [analytisch]. Ist mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 einfach nur fokussiert auf ein Meditationsobjekt ausgerichtet, ist es nicht-diskursiv, nicht-analytisch. 05:28
\nLassen Sie uns nun den Text weiterlesen: 05:32
\n\u201eDiese Beschreibung legt dar, dass Geistige Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha) durch eine fokussierte Stabilisierung von Geist auf ein nicht-diskursives geistiges Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101) erreicht wird, das die Vielfalt der Ph\u00e4nomene oder deren letztendlichen Natur in Geist repr\u00e4sentiert, w\u00e4hrend die Besondere Einsicht (skr.: vipa\u015byan\u0101) durch eine umfassende, fokussiert konzentrierte Analyse eines Meditationsobjekts erreicht wird.\u201c 05:49
\nNachdem Dje Tsong-kha-pa aus Anleitungen zur Erlangung der Vollst\u00e4ndigkeit der Weisheit (Praj\u00f1a-par\u0101mito-prad\u015ba) zitiert hat, fasst er das Thema f\u00fcr uns zusammen: Indem wir geistig unseren konzentrierten Fokus auf irgendein Beispiel der letztendlichen Natur der Ph\u00e4nomene oder der Vielfalt der Ph\u00e4nomene ausrichten und dabei nicht untersuchend, nicht analytisch vorgehen, also nicht in Gedanken und Vorstellung dar\u00fcber abschweifen, sprechen wir von Geistiger Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha). Wenn wir hingegen die beiden Arten von Meditationsobjekten fokussiert konzentriert untersuchen und umfassend analysieren, dann wird eine Besondere Einsicht (skr.: vipa\u015byan\u0101) erreicht. 06:15
\nDrei Fragen von bodhi-sattva Maitreya an Buddha in S\u016btra \u00fcber die Entschl\u00fcsselung der intendierten Bedeutung
\nSodann zitiert Dje Tsong-kha-pa aus S\u016btra \u00fcber die Entschl\u00fcsselung der intendierten Bedeutung (Sa\u1e43dhi-nirmocana-s\u016btra). Dieses s\u016btra enth\u00e4lt einige bekannte Zeilen wie die drei Fragen von bodhi-sattva Maitreya an Buddha und seine Antworten. Lassen Sie uns dazu den Text zusammenlesen: 06:31
\n\u201eDas steht im Einklang mit der intendierten Bedeutung der folgenden Passage in S\u016btra \u00fcber die Entschl\u00fcsselung der intendierten Bedeutung (Sa\u1e43dhi-nirmocana-s\u016btra):
\n\u201aOh Bhagavan, wie viele Arten an Meditationsobjekten gibt es f\u00fcr Geistige Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha)? Buddha erwiderte: \u201eEines, n\u00e4mlich das nicht-diskursive geistige Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101) eines Meditationsobjektes.\u201c
\n\u201eOh Bhagavan, wie viele Arten an Meditationsobjekten gibt es f\u00fcr Besondere Einsicht (skr.: vipa\u015byan\u0101)?\u201c Buddha antwortete: \u201eEbenfalls nur eines, das diskursive geistige Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101) eines Meditationsobjektes.\u201c
\n\u201eOh Bhagavan, und wie viele Arten an Meditationsobjekten gibt es f\u00fcr beide zusammen?\u201c Und Buddha gab zur Antwort: \u201eZwei, n\u00e4mlich die Grenzen der Existenz und die Erreichung deines Ziels.\u201c 07:06
\nLassen Sie mich wie folgt erkl\u00e4ren: Wird Geist fokussiert konzentriert auf ein Meditationsobjekt, dass die letztendliche Natur der Ph\u00e4nomene oder die Vielfalt der Ph\u00e4nomene repr\u00e4sentiert, ausgerichtet, ohne es zu untersuchen oder anderen Gedanken zu folgen, worum handelt es sich dann? Genau, das nennen wir das Geistige Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha). Andererseits entspricht eine umfassende fokussiert konzentrierte Untersuchung der zwei m\u00f6glichen Gruppen an Meditationsobjekten der Besondere Einsicht (skr.: vipa\u015byan\u0101). Das ist die intendierte Bedeutung der Aussage in S\u016btra \u00fcber die Entschl\u00fcsselung der intendierten Bedeutung (Sa\u1e43dhi-nirmocana-s\u016btra).
\nIn diesem s\u016btra wird eine wunderbare Abfolge von Fragen und Antworten zwischen bodhi-sattva Maitreya und Buddha beschrieben. Maitreya fragt unseren gro\u00dfartigen Lehrer Buddha: \u201eOh Bhagavan, wie viele Arten an Meditationsobjekten gibt es f\u00fcr Geistige Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha)?\u201c Studieren wir Geistige Ruhe, w\u00fcrden wir uns vermutlich auch die Frage stellen: \u201eWie viele Arten an Meditationsobjekten gibt es f\u00fcr Geistige Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha)?\u201c Und Buddha antwortet ihm? Wie viele? Es gibt nur eine Art, n\u00e4mlich ein nicht-diskursives [nicht-analytisches] Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101). 07:51
\nDiese Art von Meditationsobjekt, die Buddha in seiner Antwort benennt, erkl\u00e4rt Ba-so in Die vier verwobenen Anmerkungen weiter: Es ist ein nicht-diskursives [nicht-analytisches] mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101, das als eine Information in Geist erscheint und nicht mit einer Untersuchung durch die unterscheidende Weisheit verbunden ist. Mit anderen Worten: Eine Repr\u00e4sentation, eine Information erscheint in unserem Geist \u2013 das meint der Begriff mentales Bild respektive mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101. Welche Qualit\u00e4t hat dieses mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 respektive mentale Bild? Es ist nicht in irgendeiner analytischen Untersuchung verwickelt[6]. Das mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 der Geistigen Ruhe (skr.: \u015bamatha) ist nicht-diskursiv [nicht-analytisch] und deren Meditationsobjekt. 08:31
\nDann fragt bodhi-sattva Maitreya den Buddha weiter: \u201eOh Bhagavan, wie viele Arten an Meditationsobjekten gibt es f\u00fcr Besondere Einsicht (skr.: vipa\u015byan\u0101)?\u201c Buddha antwortet: Es gibt \u201eeine\u201c Art, n\u00e4mlich ein diskursives [analytisches] geistiges Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101). Es ist ein diskursives [analytisches] Bild (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101), das als eine Information in Geist erscheint und mit einer umfassenden, fokussiert konzentrierten Untersuchung verbunden ist. Mit anderen Worten: Eine Repr\u00e4sentation, eine Information erscheint in unserem Geist \u2013 das meint der Begriff mentales Bild respektive mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101. Welche Qualit\u00e4t an dieses mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101? Da es ist mit einer fokussiert konzentrierten analytischen Untersuchung verbunden ist, ist das mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 der Besondere Einsicht (skr.: vipa\u015byan\u0101) diskursiv [analytisch] und entspricht deren Meditationsobjekt. 09:30
\nWie viele Fragen hatte Maitreya Bodhisattva gestellt? Genau zwei, nicht wahr? Also gibt es noch eine weitere Frage an Buddha: \u201eOh Bhagavan, und wie viele Arten an Meditationsobjekten gibt es f\u00fcr beide zusammen?\u201c Und Buddha antwortet: \u201eZwei, n\u00e4mlich die Grenzen der Existenz und die Erreichung deines Ziels.\u201c
\n\u00dcber diskursive und nicht-diskursive geistige Bilder (skr.: mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101), Begrenztheit der Existenz und Erreichung deines Ziels \u2013 diese vier Arten von Meditationsobjekten werden in Die gro\u00dfe Darlegung sp\u00e4ter noch ausf\u00fchrlich erkl\u00e4rt, dar\u00fcber werden wir noch vertiefend sprechen. F\u00fcr uns soll das heute gen\u00fcgen. 10:17
\nIch danke Ihnen allen herzlich! 10:18
\n[1] In der englischen \u00dcbersetzung wird der Begriff meaning-generality verwendet, den Jeffrey Hopkins wie folgt definiert: \u201ethat superimposed factor which, although not one with the object which the mode of apprehension of the conceptual consciousness apprehending it engages, appears to be one with it\u201c. Die meaning generality ist ein Bild, das in mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 erscheint nach der Wahrnehmung eines Objektes, das nicht identisch ist mit dem Objekt, weil es \u00e4u\u00dferlich ist, aber es repr\u00e4sentiert.
\n[2] Meist wird mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 als mentales Bewusstsein \u00fcbersetzt, obwohl es ist uns nicht bewusst ist, weshalb der Begriff Bewusstsein nicht gerechtfertigt ist (siehe Duden \u00fcber Bewusstsein). In mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 sind Informationen gespeichert, die in der Psychologie seit Sigmund Freud als Unbewusstsein oder Vorbewusstsein bezeichnet werden, weil sie uns nicht bewusst sind, aber im Geist vorliegen. Da in der englischen \u00dcbersetzung der Begriff image verwendet wird, haben wir es hier mit ebenfalls mit Bild als Metapher \u00fcbersetzt.
\nJeffrey Hopkins \u00fcbersetzt mano-vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 als \u201cmental consciousness, which is a knower that is produced in dependence on its own uncommon empowering condition, a mental sense power.\u201d Hierbei bedeutet consciousness: \u201cthat which is clear and knowing\u201c. vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 und consciousness beschreibt also etwas, dass klar und erkennend ist, aber uns nicht zwingend bewusst ist. Eine zutreffende \u00dcbersetzung lautet daher: vorbewusst unterscheidende Erkenntnisse \u00fcber geistige (oder gedachte) Objekte; die Sanskritsilbe vi- steht f\u00fcr unterscheidend, das Sanskritwort j\u00f1\u0101n\u0101 steht f\u00fcr Erkenntnis oder Wissen, der Sanskritbegriff mano steht f\u00fcr Geist abgeleitet vom Sanskritwort man, das f\u00fcr Denken steht; in diesem Fall f\u00fcr gedachte geistige Objekte.
\n[3] Atisha hat die Lehre in Tibet im 11. Jahrhundert erneut verbreitet. Dje Tsong-kha-pa bezeichnet ihn im ersten Kapitel des Lam rim chen mo als den eigentlichen Autor dieser Schrift.
\n[4] Denn es wird nicht zwischen einen Wassertopf und einem Topf mit Erde oder anderem unterschieden; wahrgenommen wird ein Gef\u00e4\u00df, das mit etwas gef\u00fcllt ist. \u00c4hnlich ist das Sehen eines Objekts, das im Sand liegt und eine Schlange oder ein Seil sein kann. Die Unterscheidung (skr.: sa\u1e43j\u00f1\u0101) findet auf einer begrifflichen Ebene statt.
\n[5] Den Begriff Denken k\u00f6nnen wir allgemein als eine T\u00e4tigkeit von Geist verstehen.
\n[6] Die konzeptfreie, vorstellungsfreie Betrachtung eines Objekts wird in der europ\u00e4ischen Philosophie seit Edmund Husserl ph\u00e4nomenologische Betrachtung genannt. 00:00
\nBonjour \u00e0 tous! Il est \u00e0 nouveau temps pour nous d’\u00e9tudier ensemble le Grand Trait\u00e9. Est-ce que tout s\u2019est bien pass\u00e9 pour vous cette semaine ? Maintenant, veuillez vous concentrer et \u00e9couter attentivement. Aujourd’hui, nous poursuivrons notre apprentissage. Veuillez ouvrir le Grand Trait\u00e9 \u00e0 la page 339, \u00e0 la deuxi\u00e8me ligne \u00e0 partir de la fin. Lisons le texte : 00:46
\nExplication de l\u2019objet de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 et de la perspicacit\u00e9 selon les Instructions de Ratnakarashanti pour la Perfection de la Sagesse
\n\u00ab\u00a0Les Instructions de Ratnakarashanti pour la Perfection de la Sagesse disent en outre\u00a0: l\u2019objet de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 est une image non-discursive de quelque chose qui est soit un cas de la diversit\u00e9 des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes ou qui repr\u00e9sente la nature r\u00e9elle. L\u2019objet de la perspicacit\u00e9 est une image discursive de quelque chose qui est un cas de la diversit\u00e9 des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes ou qui repr\u00e9sente la nature r\u00e9elle.\u00a0\u00bb 01:07
\nVous souvenez-vous quel \u00e9rudit historique a compos\u00e9 \u00ab les Instructions pour la Perfection de la Sagesse \u00bb ? Quelqu\u2019un a r\u00e9pondu correctement ? Elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 compos\u00e9es par Ma\u00eetre Ratnakarashanti. Qui est Ma\u00eetre Ratnakarashanti ? Il est l’un des maitres de Ma\u00eetre Atisha. Dans \u00ab les Instructions pour la Perfection de la Sagesse \u00bb compos\u00e9es par Ma\u00eetre Ratnakarashanti, il est dit \u00e9galement qu\u2019une image non discursive de la diversit\u00e9 et de la nature r\u00e9elle des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes est un objet de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9, tandis qu’une image discursive de la diversit\u00e9 et de la nature r\u00e9elle des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes est un objet de la perspicacit\u00e9. La diversit\u00e9 des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes d\u00e9signe les v\u00e9rit\u00e9s conventionnelles. La nature r\u00e9elle des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes d\u00e9signe la vacuit\u00e9. 01:49
\nDans les Quatre Annotations Entrelac\u00e9es, Ma\u00eetre Ba-So explique que s\u2019agissant de la diversit\u00e9 ou de la nature r\u00e9elle des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes, si nous n\u2019utilisons pas la sagesse de discernement pour examiner, on parle ici de \u00ab\u00a0non discursif\u00a0\u00bb. Ainsi, cette image mentale qui appara\u00eet \u00e0 l\u2019esprit est \u00ab\u00a0une image non discursive\u00a0\u00bb. A quel objet correspond une telle image non discursive? C\u2019est l\u2019objet de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9. Par contre, si nous utilisions la sagesse de discernement pour observer la diversit\u00e9 ou la nature r\u00e9elle des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes, on parle de \u00ab\u00a0discursif\u00a0\u00bb. Dans ce contexte, une image qui appara\u00eet \u00e0 l\u2019esprit, est \u00ab\u00a0une image discursive \u00bb. A quel objet correspond une image discursive? Avez-vous bien r\u00e9pondu ? C\u2019est l\u2019objet de la perspicacit\u00e9. 02:46
\nIci dans le texte, il est fait mention de \u00ab une image discursive \u00bb et \u00ab une image non discursive \u00bb. Lorsque nous cultivons la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 et la perspicacit\u00e9 avec notre conscience, l\u2019image d\u2019objet, soyez attentif, est principalement l\u2019image mentale. La s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 est un \u00e9tat qui se concentre sur cette image sans l\u2019examiner, Puisque l\u2019esprit ne l\u2019examine pas, cette image est appel\u00e9e \u00ab non discursive \u00bb. Est-ce clair ? D\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, la perspicacit\u00e9 se concentre non seulement sur cette image, mais l\u2019examine aussi, l\u2019analyse et discerne \u00e0 plusieurs reprises cet objet. Il est donc \u00e9vident que cette image est alors \u00ab discursive \u00bb. 03:38
\nExplication des trois significations du terme \u00ab\u00a0discursif\u00a0\u00bb
\nNous avons entendu ce mot \u00ab la discursivit\u00e9 \u00bb ou \u00ab la diff\u00e9renciation \u00bb, il y a plusieurs significations \u00e0 ce mot : La premi\u00e8re est la \u00ab discrimination \u00bb comme dans, par exemple, les pens\u00e9es afflig\u00e9es, les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s, les go\u00fbts et les d\u00e9go\u00fbts. C\u2019est ce que nous devons \u00e9liminer. Tous font partie de l\u2019affliction, et c\u2019est ce que nous ne devrions pas avoir. La deuxi\u00e8me est la facult\u00e9 de sens et la conscience conceptuelle qui sont respectivement discursif et non discursif. Cette conscience conceptuelle ne doit pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00eatre \u00e9limin\u00e9e. Pourquoi? C’est parce que toutes les inf\u00e9rences sont la conscience conceptuelle. Ils doivent tous utiliser l\u2019image mentale pour conna\u00eetre, que connaissons-nous? C\u2019est leurs objets. La conscience qui observe leurs objets \u00e0 travers l\u2019image mentale, de quel type de consciences s’agit-il? C\u2019est la conscience conceptuelle. Alors, comment la conscience non conceptuelle se d\u00e9roule? Il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019utiliser l\u2019image mentale pour observer leurs objets! Par exemple, la facult\u00e9 oculaire nous permet de voir un pot \u00e0 eau, est-ce que c\u2019est la conscience conceptuelle ou non conceptuelle? C\u2019est donc non conceptuel, n\u2019est-ce pas? Donc, le mot \u00ab la discursivit\u00e9 \u00bb, sa signification est diff\u00e9rente. Il faut lire le contexte pour distinguer bien la diff\u00e9rence. 04:56
\nAlors, qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est troisi\u00e8me signification? Comme nous avons mentionn\u00e9e que l\u2019image est respectivement discursive et non discursive. Cela n\u2019indique pas qu\u2019il y a deux diff\u00e9rences. Cela indique simplement ses propres significations. Soyez attentif! Cela d\u00e9signe simplement que l\u2019esprit examine ou n\u2019examine pas. L\u2019image qui examine est discursive, l\u2019image qui n\u2019examine pas est non discursive. 05:26
\nLisons le texte. 05:32
\nCela d\u00e9clare que la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 est une stabilisation non discursive parmi la diversit\u00e9 ou la nature r\u00e9elle des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes et que la perspicacit\u00e9 est l’analyse de l’un ou l’autre de ces deux objets. 05:47
\nMa\u00eetre Tsong-kha-pa cita \u00ab les Instructions pour la Perfection de la Sagesse \u00bb et r\u00e9suma : ce passage indique que la signification de la nature r\u00e9elle ou de la diversit\u00e9 des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes ne diff\u00e8re en rien de la discursivit\u00e9, c\u2019est la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9. L\u2019examen et l\u2019analyse de ces deux types d\u2019objets, c\u2019est la perspicacit\u00e9. 06:14
\nLes trois questions de Bodhisattva Maitreya dans \u00ab\u00a0Samdhinirmocana Sutra : L’explication des Myst\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb
\nEnsuite, Ma\u00eetre Tsong-kha-pa cita \u00ab Samdhinirmocana Sutra : L’explication des Myst\u00e8res \u00bb, dans lequel il y a les trois questions tr\u00e8s connues de Bodhisattva Maitreya et les trois r\u00e9ponses de Bouddha. Lisons le texte : 06:31
\nC\u2019est \u00e9galement la signification d\u2019un passage de \u00ab\u00a0Samdhinirmocana Sutra : L’explication des Myst\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0:Il dit\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u00d4 Bhagavan, combien y a-t-il d’objets de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 ?\u00a0\u00bbBouddha r\u00e9pondit : \u00ab Un, \u00e0 savoir, une image non discursive.\u00a0\u00bb\u00ab\u00a0Combien y a-t-il d\u2019objet de la perspicacit\u00e9 ?\u00a0\u00bb\u00ab\u00a0Un seul, une image discursive.\u00a0\u00bb\u00ab\u00a0Combien y a-t-il d’objets\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb\u00ab\u00a0Deux, \u00e0 savoir, les limites de l’existence et la r\u00e9alisation de votre objectif.\u00a0\u00bb 07:05
\nJ\u2019explique ce passage. Concernant la signification de la nature r\u00e9elle et la diversit\u00e9 des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes, s\u2019il n\u2019y a pas de diff\u00e9renciation ni de discursivit\u00e9 lorsque l\u2019on se concentre. Qu’est-ce que c’est ? C\u2019est la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9. L\u2019examen de ces deux types d\u2019objets est la perspicacit\u00e9. C\u2019est le sens du \u00ab Samdhinirmocana Sutra : L’explication des Myst\u00e8res \u00bb. Dans le sutra, il y a une s\u00e9rie int\u00e9ressante de questions et de r\u00e9ponses entre Bodhisattva Maitreya et Bouddha. Bodhisattva Maitreya demanda \u00e0 Bouddha : \u00ab Combien y a-t-il de type d\u2019objet de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 ? \u00bb Lorsque nous \u00e9tudions la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9, nous nous posons aussi cette question : \u00ab Combien y a-t-il de type d\u2019objet de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 ? \u00bb, et, Bouddha r\u00e9pondit : combien ? \u00ab Un, \u00e0 savoir, une image non discursive. \u00bb 07:50
\nCe que Bouddha a r\u00e9pondu, Ma\u00eetre Ba-So l\u2019explique dans les Quatre Annotations Entrelac\u00e9es. Une image non discursive d\u00e9signe une image mentale qui appara\u00eet dans l\u2019esprit sans utiliser le discernement de sagesse pour l\u2019examiner. En d\u2019autres termes, une image mentale appara\u00eet dans l\u2019esprit et cette image mentale est simplement une image. Quelle image ? Celle qui n\u2019utilise pas le discernement de sagesse pour l\u2019examiner. Cette image mentale d\u00e9signe une image non discursive. C\u2019est donc l\u2019objet de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9. 08:30
\nEnsuite, Bodhisattva Maitreya posa une autre question au Bouddha : \u00ab Combien y a-t-il de types d\u2019objet de la perspicacit\u00e9? \u00bb Bouddha lui r\u00e9pondit : \u00ab Un type, c\u2019est une image discursive \u00bb. Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une image discursive? Dans \u00ab les Quatre Annotations Entrelac\u00e9es \u00bb, Ma\u00eetre Ba-So expliqua : \u00ab une image discursive d\u00e9signe une image mentale qui appara\u00eet dans l\u2019esprit, mais avec le discernement de sagesse pour l\u2019examiner. \u00bb En d\u2019autres termes, c\u2019est une image mentale qui appara\u00eet dans l\u2019esprit. Quelle image mentale? Celle qui utilise le discernement de sagesse pour l\u2019examiner. Ce type d\u2019image mentale s\u2019appelle une image discursive. Quel est l\u2019objet? C\u2019est l\u2019objet de la perspicacit\u00e9. 09:30
\nCombien de questions Bodhisattva Maitreya a t-il pos\u00e9es? Deux, non? Ensuite, Bodhisattva Maitreya demanda \u00e0 nouveau \u00e0 Bouddha : \u00ab Combien y a-t-il de types d\u2019objet de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 et de la perspicacit\u00e9 ? \u00bb Bouddha lui r\u00e9pondit : \u00ab Deux types, les limites de l\u2019existence et la r\u00e9alisation de votre objectif. \u00bb Au sujet des images discursives, des image non discursives, des limites de l\u2019existence et de la r\u00e9alisation de votre objectif \u2013 ces quatre types d\u2019objet \u2013 seront plus largement expliqu\u00e9s lorsque nous parlerons de l\u2019objet de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 plus tard dans notre \u00e9tude du Grand Trait\u00e9. Aujourd\u2019hui, nous n\u2019en discuterons pas. 10:14
\nC\u2019est tout pour aujourd’hui, je vous remercie! 10:18 00:00
\nXin cha\u0300o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi! Chu\u0301ng ta la\u0323i \u0111\u00ea\u0301n th\u01a1\u0300i gian cu\u0300ng nhau ho\u0323c v\u00ea\u0300 Qua\u0309ng Lu\u1ea1\u0302n r\u00f4\u0300i!. Trong tu\u1ea7n v\u1eeba qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u1ee9? V\u00e0 ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd hy v\u1ecdng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eafng nghe. H\u00f4m nay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu h\u1ecdc, m\u1eddi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf Qua\u0309ng Lu\u1ea1\u0302n ra, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn trang 41 \u0111o\u1ea1n 4. M\u1eddi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: 00:46
\nTr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u201cB\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ecd Lu\u1eadn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n
\nB\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ecd Lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201ct\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9, t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n.\u201d 01:07
\nC\u00f2n nh\u1edb B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba la-m\u1eadt \u0111a Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ecd Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 T\u1ecbch T\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft ra. Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 T\u1ecbch T\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 n\u00e0o v\u1eady? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Atisa T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3. V\u1eady trong B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ecd Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbch T\u1ecbnh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9; t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n. T\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng; nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng. 01:49
\nTrong T\u1ee9 Gia H\u1ee3p Ch\u00fa Ng\u00e0i Ba S\u00f4 T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh hay l\u00e0 t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\u201d, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u00ec? L\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9. D\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 duy\u00ean v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh, th\u00ec trong n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\u201d. Trong t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d. V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u00ec? C\u00f3 ai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? L\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n. 02:46
\n\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cc\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d. Khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c tu h\u1ecdc Xa-ma-tha v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na, \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1edf duy\u00ean – ch\u00fa \u00fd! L\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. Xa-ma-tha l\u00e0 an tr\u00fa \u1edf tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9? V\u1eady T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 an tr\u00fa tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, n\u00ean lo\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d. 03:38
\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ba lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t
\nCh\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u201cph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\u201d n\u00e0y, n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u201cph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\u201d, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i: Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u00e1i, \u00e1c, th\u00e2n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb, thu\u1ed9c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u0103n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, t\u1ea1i sao? B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng, duy\u00ean th\u1ee7 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n? \u0110\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. H\u1ec5 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m g\u00ec? T\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. V\u1eady t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed3i \u0111i duy\u00ean th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 con m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh, xin h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ec9? L\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f9ng hai ch\u1eef \u201cph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\u201d nh\u01b0 nhau, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i xem kinh v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. 04:56
\nV\u1eady lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u1eeba n\u00e3y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, ch\u00fa \u00fd! R\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 05:26
\nK\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xem nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: 05:32
\nNgh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00fa, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Xa-ma-tha; n\u1ebfu t\u01b0 duy l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na.\u00a005:47
\nNg\u00e0i T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 sau khi d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ecd Lu\u1eadn xong, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u0110o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh \u2013 an tr\u00fa trong kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Xa-ma-tha; t\u01b0 duy l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh, hai lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na. 06:14
\nBa c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t trong Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt Kinh
\nNg\u00e0i T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt Kinh, trong Kinh c\u00f3 ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. N\u00ean m\u1eddi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xem ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean v\u0103n. 06:31
\n\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt \u00fd trong Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt Kinh, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u1ebf T\u00f4n, s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Xa-ma-tha c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau lo\u1ea1i s\u1edf duy\u00ean? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u00ean t\u1ebf (ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c) v\u00e0 s\u1edf t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7n (th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3)\u201d. 7:05
\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh v\u0103n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00fd v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 an tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Xa-ma-tha. T\u01b0 duy l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh, hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt Kinh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt Kinh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p r\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec9nh v\u1ea5n Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cs\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Xa-ma-tha c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i?\u201d gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp Xa-ma-tha, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y: \u201cs\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Xa-ma-tha c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i?\u201d, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ec9? \u201cC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u201d 07:50
\nC\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i, th\u00ec trong T\u1ee9 Gia H\u1ee3p Ch\u00fa, Ng\u00e0i Ba S\u00f4 T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: V\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u201ckh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng, ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng, ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Xa-ma-tha. 08:30
\nK\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp Ng\u00e0i Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u1ea1i th\u1ec9nh v\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng: \u201cS\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i?\u201d sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: \u201cc\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1eefu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d h\u1eefu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Trong T\u1ee9 Gia H\u1ee3p Ch\u00fa, Ng\u00e0i Ba S\u00f4 T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean \u201cd\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y\u201d. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng, ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129a-c\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. L\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u00ec? L\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na. 09:30
\nNg\u00e0i Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u1ecfi m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u r\u1ed3i? Hai c\u00e2u r\u1ed3i, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp Ng\u00e0i Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u1ea1i th\u1ec9nh v\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Xa-ma-tha v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: \u201cc\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 bi\u00ean t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1edf t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7n\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u00ean t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1edf t\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 s\u1edf duy\u00ean, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n sau c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3ng Lu\u1eadn khi gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Xa-ma-tha s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafm. H\u00f4m nay ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i, c\u1ea3m \u01a1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi! 10:18 00:00
\n\u0417\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435!\u00a0\u0412\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u041b\u0430\u043c\u0440\u0438\u043c\u00bb.\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f?\u00a0\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c,\u00a0\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.\u00a0\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u043c.\u00a0\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u041b\u0430\u043c\u0440\u0438\u043c\u00bb \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 339,\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 2 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443.\u00a0\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442.\u00a000:46
\n\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb
\n\u00ab\u0418 [\u0428\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430] \u0432 \u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:\u00ab\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 [\u0432 \u0443\u043c\u0435] \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\u00a0\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00a0\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u2014\u00a0\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\u00a0\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\u00a0\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00a0\u0441 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043c \u2014\u00a0\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\u00bb[1]\u00a001:07
\n\u0412\u044b \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u00a0\u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb? \u041a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e?\u00a0\u041e\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0428\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0439.\u00a0\u0427\u044c\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0428\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430? \u041e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0410\u0442\u0438\u0448\u0438. \u0412 \u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb,\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0428\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0439, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f,\u00a0\u0447\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb \u2014\u00a0\u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438,\u00a0\u0430 \u00ab\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 [\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432] \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u00bb \u2014\u00a0\u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\u00a0\u042f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430,\u00a0\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b.\u00a0\u0421\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430,\u00a0\u044d\u0442\u043e \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430.\u00a001:49
\n\u0412 \u00ab\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445\u00bb \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u0441\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043a\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u043c\u0435, \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb? \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435. \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0443\u043c\u0435, \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u00ab\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb? \u041a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e? \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. 02:46
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\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u0441\u043e \u0432 \u00ab\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445\u00bb \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u043c\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432 \u0443\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437, \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437? \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u043c\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0451\u043d \u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. 08:30
\n\u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0434\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0435\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442? \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442: \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435? \u0412 \u00ab\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445\u00bb \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u0441\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c: \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u043c\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u043c\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437? \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u043c\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f? \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. 09:30
\n\u0421\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0431\u043e\u0434\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0435\u044f? \u0414\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e? \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0434\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0435\u044f \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442? \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442: \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u2014 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u00a0 \u00ab\u041b\u0430\u043c\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u00bb \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c. 10:14
\n\u00a0\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435. \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445! 10:18
\n[1] \u0412 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043c \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb (\u00ab\u041b\u0430\u043c\u0440\u0438\u043c\u00bb) \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043c. 4-\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u0440. 11.
\n[2] \u0412 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043c \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb (\u00ab\u041b\u0430\u043c\u0440\u0438\u043c\u00bb) \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043c. 4-\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u0440. 11.
\n[3] \u0412 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043c \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb (\u00ab\u041b\u0430\u043c\u0440\u0438\u043c\u00bb) \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043c. 4-\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u0440. 11.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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